EES 1 Exam 2 Study Guide Questions and answers, 100% Accurate. Graded A+

EES 1 Exam 2 Study Guide Questions and answers, 100% Accurate. Graded A+ What particles are found in an atom? - -Protons, Neutrons, Electrons What is a covalent bond? - -Shares electrons What is an isotope? - -Same number of protons, different number of neutrons What are the physical properties of minerals? - -Luster, hardness, crystal form, cleavage, streak, color What is the definition of a mineral? - -Inorganic, naturally occurring, crystal form, solid, definite chemical composition What is the California state gemstone? - -Benitoite What is the California state mineral? - -Gold What is the California State rock? - -Serpentine Although diamond and graphite are the same chemical composition, they are on opposite ends of the hardness scale. What accounts for this? - -Diamond has covalent bonds in all directions; Graphite has covalent bonds AND Van Der Waal's force What is the definition of a rock? - -An aggregate of two or more minerals What are the three types of rocks and how do they form? Understand how the rock cycle works, how each rock type may be changed by different processes. - -1. Igneous - formed by melting and crystallization 2. Sedimentary - formed by erosion, deposition, and lithification 3. Metamorphic - formed by heat and pressure Which of the different types of rocks are the most abundant at the Earth's surface? - -Sedimentary, but they are only 5% of the crust How are silica content and viscosity related? - -High Silica = High viscosity Low Silica = Low viscosity Mount St. Helens is associated with a ___________ plate boundary - -Convergent Which igneous rocks exhibit fine grained texture? - -Basalt, Andesite, Rhyolite Which igneous rocks exhibit coarse grained texture? - -Gabbro, Diorite, Granite A _____________________ texture indicates two, distinctly different sizes of mineral grains. - - Porphyritic What is mafic vs. felsic? - -Mafic - Top of Bowen's, tend to be darker colored Felsic - Bottom of Bowen's, tend to be light in color A ___________________________ volcano is a large, gently sloping mound composed mainly of basaltic lava flows - -Shield Which type of volcanoes comprises the Cascade and Andean ranges? - -Composite Which is the first mineral and last mineral to crystallize out of a melt? - -Olivine; Quartz What started, or "set off", the eruption of Mt. St. Helens? - -Landslide What is the largest volcano on Earth? - -Mauna Loa What is the largest volcano in the solar system? - -Olympus Mons on Mars Know the two types of weathering and examples of each. - -1.) Mechanical (physical) - frost wedging, root wedging, animal activity, unloading/exfolitation 2.) Chemical - oxidation, hydrolysis, dissolution What is the most important factor in chemical weathering? - -Water How is sediment changed into sedimentary rock? - -Burial, compaction, cementation Know the three most common cements. - -Silica,