VENTILATORS (BCEN course). Questions and answers, 100% Accurate. Graded A+

VENTILATORS (BCEN course). Questions and answers, 100% Accurate. Graded A+ two categories indicating mechanical ventilation - -pulmonary and nonpulmonary pulmonary indications: chronic - -COPD (bronchitis and emphysema) asthma cystic fibrosis restrictive lung diseases pulmonary indications: acute - -any condition that affects lung tissue has potential to precipitate respiratory failure: chest trauma pneumonia pleural effusion transfusion related acute lung injury ARDS aspiration SARS non-pulmonary conditions - -any condition that threatens the patency of the airway or the CNS's ability to control ventilation vent can be used for a few hours or days when there is no problem with the lungs general anesthesia facial or airway procedures to protect against post-procedural swelling patients who cannot cooperate to facilitate proper exams: intoxication overdose anaphylaxis oral/pharyngeal abscesses or lesions epiglottitis foreign bodies angioedema long term conditions requiring ventilation - -LT conditions with airway compromise, alterations in CNS's control of respiration, or respiratory muscle compromise: cervical spine injuries severe head injuries anoxic brain injuries coma amyotrophic lateral sclerosis guillain barre syndrome volume control - -oldest mode ventilator delivers set volume of air regardless of how a breath is initiated or how high the pressure exerted within the lung becomes disadvantage: potential to overinflate the lung Assist Control (AC) - -delivers a specific number of breaths a minute at a set volume if the patient initiates a breath, the ventilator will take over the breath and deliver the volume set pt receives guaranteed volume of air diadvantage: may receive too much air causing drop in ETCO2; pt's respiratory muscles become weak from lack of use use for patients not expected to breath on their own Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (IMV) - -mode of mechanical ventilation that provides a combination of mechanically assisted breaths and spontaneous breaths pressure control - -delivers air until a set pressure is reached in the lungs volume varies with each breath why use pressure control? - -healthy lungs are compliant and stretch easily; disease lungs become stiff and less compliant this setting will deliver a set pressure and will not overfill the lungs preferred in pedi patients and patients with poor lung compliance Peak Inspiratory Pressure (PIP) - -max pressure reached within the lungs during inspiration sum of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and pressure control to reduce risk of barotrauma- PIP should be below 35 cm H2O common initial setting of PC 15 and PEEP of 5 achieve a PIP of 20 advanced modes of ventilation - -APRV HFOV airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) - -pressurizes the airway at a very high level of PEEP, much higher than can be tolerated in volume or pressure control vent holds this high pressure for a specific period of time f/b short drop in pressure to zero which is expiration high pressure opens alveoli and the brief reduction in pressure ensures alveoli remain open high frequency oscillating ventilation (HFOV) - -vent delivers very small tidal volumes, as little as 1 mL/kg at an extremely high rate (1,000 breaths per minute) ventilator continually tumbles oxygenated air throughout the lungs optimizes the alveoli participating in gas exchange requires a special ventilator volume control ventilator settings - -rate FiO2 tidal volume PEEP