Pathophysiology exam(correct answers)
Failure to compensate to changes results in? - disease, death
Define Pathophysiology? - study of the structural and function changes in cells, tissues and organs of
the body that cause or caused by disease./failure to compensate
Define homeostasis? - external change in environment results in a internal change by extracellular fluid
and intercellular fluid and attempts to compensate. if successful homeostasis is maintained.
Define Physiology? - study of homeostatic compensation
Define Disease? - is an interruption cessation, or disorder in the function of cells, tissues, organ or
organ system
Disease is characterized by what? - recognized etiologic agents that CAUSE the disease, and identifiable
group of signs and symptoms, constant anatomic alterations
What are some etiologic agents that cause disease? - Biologic agents(bacteria, virus, or parasitic worm
or insect)
Physical forces(burns, crush, radiation)
Chemical agents(poison, toxin)
Molecular(not always, but often genetic:cystic fibrosis)
Multifactoral(mulitple etiologic agents involved;MOST DISEASES)
Idiopathic(when the etiologic agent is unknown)
what are some SIGNS of etiologic agents? - observable or measurable change;(ex increased heart
rate,fever, weight gain)
What are some SYMPTOMS of etiologic agents? - unobservable effects of a disease REPORTED BY
PATIENT(ex: pain, difficulty breathing, dizziness)
, What are some SYNDROME characteristics of etiologic agents? - characteristics combo of signs and
symptoms associated with a particular disease.
What is another way to categorize etiology? - based on timing:
Congenital and Acquired
Define Congenital timing of etiologic agents? - disease condition is PRESENT AT BIRTH, although may
not become evident until much later(ex: Molecular-down syndrome, cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia)
may be due to mother being exposed during preg(infected mother with german measles causes baby to
have deafness, cataracts and heart disease)
Define Acquired timing of etiologic agents? - disease is caused by events AFTER BIRTH. (ex: result of
genetic predisposition combined with exposure to a different etiologic agent-asthma(genetic and
exposure to certain mites)
Define pathogenesis? - the sequence of cellular or tissue events that take place in time from the initial
contact with the etiologic agent until the ultimate expressions of a disease or the development of the
disease. IT IS THE PATTERN OF PROGRESSION. EX: Atherosclerosis(coronary artery disease)
Define morphology? - refers to fundamental structure(how something looks) of cells tissues or organs.
Define Morphologic changes? - are gross anatomic or microscopic changes characteristic of a particular
disease. ex: LESIONS
Where are distributions of lesions within the body? - Local-confined to one area of the body
Systemic-widely distributed through out the body.
Where are the distributions of lesions within a tissue or an organ may be? - Focal-distinct sites of
damage
Diffuse-damage is more widely distributed(fatty deposits)
Failure to compensate to changes results in? - disease, death
Define Pathophysiology? - study of the structural and function changes in cells, tissues and organs of
the body that cause or caused by disease./failure to compensate
Define homeostasis? - external change in environment results in a internal change by extracellular fluid
and intercellular fluid and attempts to compensate. if successful homeostasis is maintained.
Define Physiology? - study of homeostatic compensation
Define Disease? - is an interruption cessation, or disorder in the function of cells, tissues, organ or
organ system
Disease is characterized by what? - recognized etiologic agents that CAUSE the disease, and identifiable
group of signs and symptoms, constant anatomic alterations
What are some etiologic agents that cause disease? - Biologic agents(bacteria, virus, or parasitic worm
or insect)
Physical forces(burns, crush, radiation)
Chemical agents(poison, toxin)
Molecular(not always, but often genetic:cystic fibrosis)
Multifactoral(mulitple etiologic agents involved;MOST DISEASES)
Idiopathic(when the etiologic agent is unknown)
what are some SIGNS of etiologic agents? - observable or measurable change;(ex increased heart
rate,fever, weight gain)
What are some SYMPTOMS of etiologic agents? - unobservable effects of a disease REPORTED BY
PATIENT(ex: pain, difficulty breathing, dizziness)
, What are some SYNDROME characteristics of etiologic agents? - characteristics combo of signs and
symptoms associated with a particular disease.
What is another way to categorize etiology? - based on timing:
Congenital and Acquired
Define Congenital timing of etiologic agents? - disease condition is PRESENT AT BIRTH, although may
not become evident until much later(ex: Molecular-down syndrome, cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia)
may be due to mother being exposed during preg(infected mother with german measles causes baby to
have deafness, cataracts and heart disease)
Define Acquired timing of etiologic agents? - disease is caused by events AFTER BIRTH. (ex: result of
genetic predisposition combined with exposure to a different etiologic agent-asthma(genetic and
exposure to certain mites)
Define pathogenesis? - the sequence of cellular or tissue events that take place in time from the initial
contact with the etiologic agent until the ultimate expressions of a disease or the development of the
disease. IT IS THE PATTERN OF PROGRESSION. EX: Atherosclerosis(coronary artery disease)
Define morphology? - refers to fundamental structure(how something looks) of cells tissues or organs.
Define Morphologic changes? - are gross anatomic or microscopic changes characteristic of a particular
disease. ex: LESIONS
Where are distributions of lesions within the body? - Local-confined to one area of the body
Systemic-widely distributed through out the body.
Where are the distributions of lesions within a tissue or an organ may be? - Focal-distinct sites of
damage
Diffuse-damage is more widely distributed(fatty deposits)
