1. Leadership development ............................................................................................................... 1
1.1. Defini5on ........................................................................................................................... 1
1.2. Are leaders born or made? ............................................................................................... 1
1.2.1. Leadership training vs. development ........................................................................ 1
1.3. What we “know” about leadership ................................................................................... 1
1.3.1. State of leadership research ...................................................................................... 2
1.4. Mindful engagement model .............................................................................................. 2
1.4.1. Approach .................................................................................................................... 2
1.4.2. Ac;on ......................................................................................................................... 3
1.4.3. Reflec;on ................................................................................................................... 3
A. Hearing feedback ...................................................................................................... 3
B. Challenge & support ................................................................................................. 3
2. Trait theories of leadership............................................................................................................ 4
2.1. Introduc5on to traits & traits research in leadership ....................................................... 4
2.1.1. What are traits (or “individual differences”)?............................................................ 4
2.1.2. Brief history of trait research ..................................................................................... 4
2.1.3. “Traits” associated with leadership ........................................................................... 4
2.1.4. Traits relate to how we learn & develop .................................................................... 5
2.2. HEXACO model .................................................................................................................. 5
2.2.1. Honesty-Humility ....................................................................................................... 5
2.2.2. Emo;onality ............................................................................................................... 5
2.2.3. Extraversion ............................................................................................................... 5
1
, 2.2.4. Agreeableness ............................................................................................................ 6
2.2.5. Conscien;ousness...................................................................................................... 6
2.2.6. Openness to Experience ............................................................................................ 6
2.2.7. The “Big Five” and leadership, per context ............................................................... 6
2.3. General Intelligence........................................................................................................... 6
2.4. Dark triads ......................................................................................................................... 7
2.4.1. Too much of a good thing?: importance of fit ........................................................... 7
2.4.2. Bright & Dark sides of Bright & Dark Traits ............................................................... 7
2.4.3. The curse of your quali;es” ....................................................................................... 7
2.5. Integrated model ............................................................................................................... 8
2.6. Context............................................................................................................................... 8
2.6.1. Are our behaviors always explained by our personality?: strong & weak situa;ons 8
2.7. Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 8
2.7.1. Personal development ............................................................................................... 8
3. Behavioral and new leadership theories ....................................................................................... 9
3.1. From traits to behaviors .................................................................................................... 9
3.2. Early behavioral leadership theories ................................................................................. 9
3.2.1. Contemporary behavioral theories of leadership ..................................................... 9
3.2.2. Ini;al transforma;onal leadership .......................................................................... 10
3.2.3. Ini;al full range model ............................................................................................. 10
3.3. “Full range” model........................................................................................................... 10
3.3.1. Transac;onal leadership .......................................................................................... 11
2
, A. Se<ng goals can be mo>va>ng ............................................................................. 11
B. Do financial incen>ves mo>vate? ........................................................................... 11
C. Do sanc>ons/punishments mo>vate? .................................................................... 12
3.3.2. Instrumental leadership ........................................................................................... 12
A. Giving feedback (“micro behavior”) ....................................................................... 12
3.3.3. Transforma;onal leadership .................................................................................... 12
A. Individualized considera>on ................................................................................... 13
B. Intellectual s>mula>on ........................................................................................... 13
C. Idealized influence................................................................................................... 13
3.4. Cri5cisms of full range model.......................................................................................... 13
4. Contextual and Cross-cultural approaches to leadership ........................................................... 14
4.1. Ealy contextual theories of leadership (1960 – 1980s) .................................................. 14
4.1.1. Interac;onist perspec;ve ........................................................................................ 14
4.1.2. Con;ngency theory.................................................................................................. 14
4.1.3. Situa;onal leadership theory .................................................................................. 14
4.1.4. Subs;tutes for leadership ........................................................................................ 15
4.2. Contemporary theories of context .................................................................................. 15
4.2.1. Crisis as a moderator ............................................................................................... 15
4.2.2. Hierarchical distance as a moderator ...................................................................... 15
4.2.3. Context as a shaper (antecedent) of leadership behavior ...................................... 16
4.3. Leadership categoriza5on theory (cogni5ve approach) ................................................. 16
4.3.1. Managerial implica;ons of contextual theories ...................................................... 16
4.4. Culture ............................................................................................................................. 17
3
, 4.4.1. Culture as a contextual moderator .......................................................................... 17
4.4.2. Culture as a filtering mechanism ............................................................................. 17
4.4.3. Hofstede cultural values .......................................................................................... 17
4.4.4. Globe: universally leadership acributes .................................................................. 17
A. Simple vs. variform universals ................................................................................ 18
4.4.5. Cross-cultural differences in leadership behaviors ................................................. 18
4.4.6. Cross-cultural differences in leadership styles ........................................................ 18
4.4.7. Ethnocentric views ................................................................................................... 18
4.5. Cri5cisms of cross-cultural research ............................................................................... 19
4.6. Final words about context ............................................................................................... 19
4.7. Final words about cross-cultural awareness ................................................................... 19
5. Charisma5c leadership ................................................................................................................ 20
5.1. Early views on charisma5c leadership ............................................................................ 20
5.2. Current conceptualiza5ons of charisma ......................................................................... 20
5.2.1. Why charisma;c leaders mo;vate........................................................................... 20
5.2.2. Can you develop your charisma?............................................................................. 20
5.3. Charisma5c leadership tac5cs (CLTs) .............................................................................. 21
5.3.1. Framing tac;cs ......................................................................................................... 21
A. Stories & anecdotes ................................................................................................ 21
B. Metaphors & comparisons ..................................................................................... 21
C. Contrasts ................................................................................................................. 21
D. Three-part list .......................................................................................................... 21
4
1.1. Defini5on ........................................................................................................................... 1
1.2. Are leaders born or made? ............................................................................................... 1
1.2.1. Leadership training vs. development ........................................................................ 1
1.3. What we “know” about leadership ................................................................................... 1
1.3.1. State of leadership research ...................................................................................... 2
1.4. Mindful engagement model .............................................................................................. 2
1.4.1. Approach .................................................................................................................... 2
1.4.2. Ac;on ......................................................................................................................... 3
1.4.3. Reflec;on ................................................................................................................... 3
A. Hearing feedback ...................................................................................................... 3
B. Challenge & support ................................................................................................. 3
2. Trait theories of leadership............................................................................................................ 4
2.1. Introduc5on to traits & traits research in leadership ....................................................... 4
2.1.1. What are traits (or “individual differences”)?............................................................ 4
2.1.2. Brief history of trait research ..................................................................................... 4
2.1.3. “Traits” associated with leadership ........................................................................... 4
2.1.4. Traits relate to how we learn & develop .................................................................... 5
2.2. HEXACO model .................................................................................................................. 5
2.2.1. Honesty-Humility ....................................................................................................... 5
2.2.2. Emo;onality ............................................................................................................... 5
2.2.3. Extraversion ............................................................................................................... 5
1
, 2.2.4. Agreeableness ............................................................................................................ 6
2.2.5. Conscien;ousness...................................................................................................... 6
2.2.6. Openness to Experience ............................................................................................ 6
2.2.7. The “Big Five” and leadership, per context ............................................................... 6
2.3. General Intelligence........................................................................................................... 6
2.4. Dark triads ......................................................................................................................... 7
2.4.1. Too much of a good thing?: importance of fit ........................................................... 7
2.4.2. Bright & Dark sides of Bright & Dark Traits ............................................................... 7
2.4.3. The curse of your quali;es” ....................................................................................... 7
2.5. Integrated model ............................................................................................................... 8
2.6. Context............................................................................................................................... 8
2.6.1. Are our behaviors always explained by our personality?: strong & weak situa;ons 8
2.7. Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 8
2.7.1. Personal development ............................................................................................... 8
3. Behavioral and new leadership theories ....................................................................................... 9
3.1. From traits to behaviors .................................................................................................... 9
3.2. Early behavioral leadership theories ................................................................................. 9
3.2.1. Contemporary behavioral theories of leadership ..................................................... 9
3.2.2. Ini;al transforma;onal leadership .......................................................................... 10
3.2.3. Ini;al full range model ............................................................................................. 10
3.3. “Full range” model........................................................................................................... 10
3.3.1. Transac;onal leadership .......................................................................................... 11
2
, A. Se<ng goals can be mo>va>ng ............................................................................. 11
B. Do financial incen>ves mo>vate? ........................................................................... 11
C. Do sanc>ons/punishments mo>vate? .................................................................... 12
3.3.2. Instrumental leadership ........................................................................................... 12
A. Giving feedback (“micro behavior”) ....................................................................... 12
3.3.3. Transforma;onal leadership .................................................................................... 12
A. Individualized considera>on ................................................................................... 13
B. Intellectual s>mula>on ........................................................................................... 13
C. Idealized influence................................................................................................... 13
3.4. Cri5cisms of full range model.......................................................................................... 13
4. Contextual and Cross-cultural approaches to leadership ........................................................... 14
4.1. Ealy contextual theories of leadership (1960 – 1980s) .................................................. 14
4.1.1. Interac;onist perspec;ve ........................................................................................ 14
4.1.2. Con;ngency theory.................................................................................................. 14
4.1.3. Situa;onal leadership theory .................................................................................. 14
4.1.4. Subs;tutes for leadership ........................................................................................ 15
4.2. Contemporary theories of context .................................................................................. 15
4.2.1. Crisis as a moderator ............................................................................................... 15
4.2.2. Hierarchical distance as a moderator ...................................................................... 15
4.2.3. Context as a shaper (antecedent) of leadership behavior ...................................... 16
4.3. Leadership categoriza5on theory (cogni5ve approach) ................................................. 16
4.3.1. Managerial implica;ons of contextual theories ...................................................... 16
4.4. Culture ............................................................................................................................. 17
3
, 4.4.1. Culture as a contextual moderator .......................................................................... 17
4.4.2. Culture as a filtering mechanism ............................................................................. 17
4.4.3. Hofstede cultural values .......................................................................................... 17
4.4.4. Globe: universally leadership acributes .................................................................. 17
A. Simple vs. variform universals ................................................................................ 18
4.4.5. Cross-cultural differences in leadership behaviors ................................................. 18
4.4.6. Cross-cultural differences in leadership styles ........................................................ 18
4.4.7. Ethnocentric views ................................................................................................... 18
4.5. Cri5cisms of cross-cultural research ............................................................................... 19
4.6. Final words about context ............................................................................................... 19
4.7. Final words about cross-cultural awareness ................................................................... 19
5. Charisma5c leadership ................................................................................................................ 20
5.1. Early views on charisma5c leadership ............................................................................ 20
5.2. Current conceptualiza5ons of charisma ......................................................................... 20
5.2.1. Why charisma;c leaders mo;vate........................................................................... 20
5.2.2. Can you develop your charisma?............................................................................. 20
5.3. Charisma5c leadership tac5cs (CLTs) .............................................................................. 21
5.3.1. Framing tac;cs ......................................................................................................... 21
A. Stories & anecdotes ................................................................................................ 21
B. Metaphors & comparisons ..................................................................................... 21
C. Contrasts ................................................................................................................. 21
D. Three-part list .......................................................................................................... 21
4
