BIO 189 FINAL STUDY GUIDE
Module 4: Energy and Metabolism
Key Terms – Chapter 6
1. Aerobic – involving or requiring the presence of oxygen
2. aerobic respiration – oxygen-requiring cellular respiration. Includes glycolysis, the citric
acid cycle, and electron transfer phosphorylation.
3. alcoholic fermentation – fermentation pathway that produces ATP, ethanol, and CO2.
4. anaerobic – occurring in the absence of oxygen
5. cellular respiration – any of several pathways that break down organic molecules
(typically glucose) to form ATP and include an electron transfer chain.
6. citric acid cycle – also called the Krebs cycle. Cyclic pathway that dismantles acetyl-
CoA to produce CO2, NADH, FADH2 and ATP.
7. Fermentation – any of several anerobic pathways that break down organic molecules
(typically glucose) to produce ATP without the use of an electron transfer chain.
8. Glycolysis – set of reactions that collectively convert one molecule of glucose to two
molecules of pyruvate, two ATP, and two NADH. First part of fermentation and aerobic
respiration.
9. lactate fermentation – fermentation pathway that produces ATP and lactate.
Franchesca Ibanez | ARIZONA COLLEGE-LAS VEGAS
, BIO 189 FINAL STUDY GUIDE
Compare and contrast the components and relationships of aerobic and
anaerobic processes. Describe the main stages of aerobic respiration (cellular
respiration)
Base for
Aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration
comparison
Aerobic respiration refers to a series
Anaerobic respiration refers to cellular
of metabolic reactions that occur in
respiration in which the high-energy
Definition the presence oxygen in a cell. It is
electron acceptor is not oxygen nor
used to convert chemical energy into
pyruvate derivatives.
ATPs.
The equation for aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration can be described
Overall
is as follows:C6H12O6 + 6O2 + as:C6H12O6 + C2H5OH + C2H2O2 +
equation
6CO2 + 6H2O+ energy energy
Oxygen Aerobic respiration occurs when Anaerobic respiration occurs in an
Presence oxygen is present. environment with low oxygen levels.
Aerobic respiration involves the Anaerobic respiration doesn’t allow for the
exchange of gases. Carbon dioxide is exchange of gases. Some organisms can
Gas exchange
absorbed and carbon dioxide is release certain gases, such as sulfur and
expelled. nitrogen.
Franchesca Ibanez | ARIZONA COLLEGE-LAS VEGAS
, BIO 189 FINAL STUDY GUIDE
After glycolysis, aerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration is only found in the
Location occurs in the mitochondria and
cytoplasm.
cytoplasm prokaryotes.
End products of aerobic respiration Acids, alcohols and gases are the end
End products include carbon dioxide, water and products of anaerobic respiratory
energy. respiration.
Energy Aerobic respiration produces 38 Anaerobic respiration produces only 2
produced ATPs, with some being lost. ATPs.
Along with the carbohydrates, other
Aerobic respiration is dependent on
Reactants electron acceptors such as sulfur and
carbohydrate and oxygen.
nitrogen will be required.
Aerobic respiration is the best way to
Anaerobic respiration causes incomplete
Oxidation complete the oxidation process of
oxidation of carbohydrates.
carbohydrates.
The nature of Aerobic respiration takes a lot longer Anaerobic respiration lasts for a shorter
the process than anaerobic. time than aerobic respiration.
Primitive prokaryotes are susceptible to
Most higher organisms, such as anaerobic respiration. Anaerobic
Occurs in plants and animals, experience respiration occurs in muscle cells of
aerobic respiration. humans when they are performing extreme
movements
Franchesca Ibanez | ARIZONA COLLEGE-LAS VEGAS
Module 4: Energy and Metabolism
Key Terms – Chapter 6
1. Aerobic – involving or requiring the presence of oxygen
2. aerobic respiration – oxygen-requiring cellular respiration. Includes glycolysis, the citric
acid cycle, and electron transfer phosphorylation.
3. alcoholic fermentation – fermentation pathway that produces ATP, ethanol, and CO2.
4. anaerobic – occurring in the absence of oxygen
5. cellular respiration – any of several pathways that break down organic molecules
(typically glucose) to form ATP and include an electron transfer chain.
6. citric acid cycle – also called the Krebs cycle. Cyclic pathway that dismantles acetyl-
CoA to produce CO2, NADH, FADH2 and ATP.
7. Fermentation – any of several anerobic pathways that break down organic molecules
(typically glucose) to produce ATP without the use of an electron transfer chain.
8. Glycolysis – set of reactions that collectively convert one molecule of glucose to two
molecules of pyruvate, two ATP, and two NADH. First part of fermentation and aerobic
respiration.
9. lactate fermentation – fermentation pathway that produces ATP and lactate.
Franchesca Ibanez | ARIZONA COLLEGE-LAS VEGAS
, BIO 189 FINAL STUDY GUIDE
Compare and contrast the components and relationships of aerobic and
anaerobic processes. Describe the main stages of aerobic respiration (cellular
respiration)
Base for
Aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration
comparison
Aerobic respiration refers to a series
Anaerobic respiration refers to cellular
of metabolic reactions that occur in
respiration in which the high-energy
Definition the presence oxygen in a cell. It is
electron acceptor is not oxygen nor
used to convert chemical energy into
pyruvate derivatives.
ATPs.
The equation for aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration can be described
Overall
is as follows:C6H12O6 + 6O2 + as:C6H12O6 + C2H5OH + C2H2O2 +
equation
6CO2 + 6H2O+ energy energy
Oxygen Aerobic respiration occurs when Anaerobic respiration occurs in an
Presence oxygen is present. environment with low oxygen levels.
Aerobic respiration involves the Anaerobic respiration doesn’t allow for the
exchange of gases. Carbon dioxide is exchange of gases. Some organisms can
Gas exchange
absorbed and carbon dioxide is release certain gases, such as sulfur and
expelled. nitrogen.
Franchesca Ibanez | ARIZONA COLLEGE-LAS VEGAS
, BIO 189 FINAL STUDY GUIDE
After glycolysis, aerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration is only found in the
Location occurs in the mitochondria and
cytoplasm.
cytoplasm prokaryotes.
End products of aerobic respiration Acids, alcohols and gases are the end
End products include carbon dioxide, water and products of anaerobic respiratory
energy. respiration.
Energy Aerobic respiration produces 38 Anaerobic respiration produces only 2
produced ATPs, with some being lost. ATPs.
Along with the carbohydrates, other
Aerobic respiration is dependent on
Reactants electron acceptors such as sulfur and
carbohydrate and oxygen.
nitrogen will be required.
Aerobic respiration is the best way to
Anaerobic respiration causes incomplete
Oxidation complete the oxidation process of
oxidation of carbohydrates.
carbohydrates.
The nature of Aerobic respiration takes a lot longer Anaerobic respiration lasts for a shorter
the process than anaerobic. time than aerobic respiration.
Primitive prokaryotes are susceptible to
Most higher organisms, such as anaerobic respiration. Anaerobic
Occurs in plants and animals, experience respiration occurs in muscle cells of
aerobic respiration. humans when they are performing extreme
movements
Franchesca Ibanez | ARIZONA COLLEGE-LAS VEGAS
