NURS 207 Midterm

NURS 207 Midterm Exocytosis - transport process that requires cytoplasmic vesicles to fuse with the plasma membrane following by the secretion of vesicular contents into the extracellular fluid Primary active transport - Active transport in which ATP is hydrolyzed, yielding the energy required to transport an ion or molecule against its concentration gradient. Secondary active transport - Form of active transport which does not use ATP as an energy source; rather, transport is coupled to ion diffusion down a concentration gradient established by primary active transport. Endocytosis - process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane facilitated diffusion - process of diffusion in which molecules pass across the membrane through cell membrane channels Osmosis - Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane aquaporin - Channel for water, passive movement, requires chemical gradient. Vesicular transport process that requires the binding of ligand to a highly selective receptor and subsequently initiates the clathrin-mediated endocytosis? - Receptormediated endocytosis Phagocytosis - A type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells Pinocytosis - process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment Transcytosis - transport into, across, and then out of cell Majority of the electrolytes in intracellular fluid is composed of: - K+ (potassium) Majority of the electrolytes in extracellular fluid is composed of: - Na+ (sodium) facilitated diffusion - A type of transport process where a solute binds to a specific carrier protein on one side of the membrane. This binding induces a conformational change in the carrier protein that results in the other type of solute moving down its concentration gradient to the other side of the membrane Which type of epithelial tissue forms the skin? - stratified epithelium simple squamous epithelium - Function: Allows passage of materials by diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not important; secretes lubricating substances in serosae. NURS 207 Midterm Location: Kidney glomeruli, air sacs of lungs, lining of heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels; lining of ventral body cavity(serosae) simple cuboidal epithelium - single layer of cube shaped cells, function: secretion and absorption Ciliated, glandular epithelium - Lines the airways and intestine, able to secrete mucus. simple columnar epithelium - Function: Absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances; ciliated type propels mucus (or reproductive cells) by ciliated action. Location: nonciliated type lines most of the digestive tract (stomach to anal canal), gallbladder and excretory ducts of some glands; ciliated variety lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, and some regions of the uterus. ciliated simple columnar epithelium - lines the lower respiratory tract and uterine tubes; wavelike motion of cilia propels materials through the lumen non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium - contains cell with micvrovilli and goblet cells; found in linings of the digestive, reproductive, and urinary tracts Where are transitional epithelial cells found? - lining the bladder, ureters, renal pelves, and male urethra (except the distal portion); NOT FOUND IN FEMALE URETHRA Extracellular matrix of connective tissue consists of: - protein fibers and ground substance Plasma - extracellular matrix of blood dense connective tissue - tendons, ligaments, bones Necrosis - tissue death, initiated from traumatic cellular injury Apoptosis - programmed cell death satellite cells - surround neuron cell bodies in PNS, found in Skeletal muscle A damaged organ can be restored to its fully functional organ by: - Using stem cells originated from parenchyma Fibroblasts - In connective tissue, cells that secrete the proteins of the fibers. Keratin - hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair, and nails