CCHT Exam Review Solved 2023

The functional unit of the kidney, or the structure in the kidney that does the work, is the: - ANSWER-Nephron A nephron is made up of: - ANSWER-A glomerulus and a tubule The endocrine functions of the kidney includes: - ANSWER-Making erythropoietin and the active form of vitamin D The leading cause of End-Stage Renal Disease for adult in the United States is: - ANSWER-Diabetes Patients with kidney failure often complain of itching, which is likely to be caused by: - ANSWER-Hyperphosphatemia Why do kidney patients often have bone disease? - ANSWER-Kidneys stop producing calcitriol Symptoms that a patient may need more dialysis time include: - ANSWER-Anorexia, fatigue, swelling A semipermeable membrane is a porous barrier that: - ANSWER-Allow for only certain sized particles to cross Diffusion is movement of particles: - ANSWER-From an area of higher concentration Negative pressure is pressure created when: - ANSWER-Fluid is pulled through a restriction During dialysis, ultrafiltration occurs when: - ANSWER-Water is removed from blood because there is a pressure gradient between blood and dialysate At which point in the extracorporeal circuit is the blood usually under negative pressure? - ANSWER-The arterial line section before the blood pump Which of the following will increase the amount of solutes that will diffuse across the semipermeable membrane? - ANSWER-High concentration gradients The components of the dialysate treatment that affect clearance includes: - ANSWER-Dialysate flow, time of treatment, dialyzer size, blood flow rate Two things that affect the dialyzer's ability to remove wastes from the body include: - ANSWER-Surface area and molecular weight cutoff Dialysate is the fluid that help remove waiste products from the body. It contains a number of substances. What are the substances that might be prescribed for a dialysate solution? - ANSWER-Bicarbonate, Sodium, Potassium What is the most important safety monitor during a dialysis treatment - ANSWER-The dialysis technician Dialysate conductivity measures: - ANSWER-The total electrical charge of a solution Dialysate that has too much sodium may cause patient injury. Too much sodium or hypernatremia can cause: - ANSWER-Headache, high BP, and shriveling of RBCs (crenation) Dialysate that has too much calcium can cause: - ANSWER-Vomiting, confusion, irritability Dialysate that has too little sodium can cause: - ANSWER-Low BP, cramping, and bursting of RBCs (hemolysis) Things that affect dialysis adequacy are: - ANSWER--Treatment time -BFR -DFR -Dialyzer clotting/inadequate heparinization Normal body temp. taken orally is: - ANSWER-98.6 degrees F _______ is the instrument use to measure blood pressure - ANSWER-Sphygmomanometer A rapid pulse of 104 beats/min would indicate that the patient has: - ANSWER-Tachycardia Seizures during dialysis maybe cause by all of the following EXCEPT: -Electrolyte imbalance -Hypotension -Sudden decrease in dialyzer clearance -Dialysate composition - ANSWER-Sudden decrease in dialyzer clearance ________ is the normal range for a resting pulse rate in an adult: - ANSWER-60-100 beats/min. Which of the following situations will cause an increase in venous pressure during dialysis?