Summary Notes AQA A-level Physics: Thermal Physics

Thermal Energy
Transfer

The the to, the
higher higher
kinetic
the
average energy.
Einternal Ekinetic=



+
Epotential
doesn't increased
Total
energy change, butinternal can be


by heating or
doing work.


~ Internal Energ I ne


How point?
water can below
pracorate boiling
some


timeasure of
molecules
K.E.
have high energy
and
escape
K.E and
when
heating.
some will have
larger can
evaporate.
How cools people down?
sweating
heat used sweat-sweatmeds
energy
to
is
vaponise your energy
to

become
-> to down. gas
goes
En stays the same

Ep4because
bonds are broken




& particles
Ek
gain as
water in heated

, specificHeat capacitbirature of
lay
a substance by
of
a
a
a mcAT
"x
gtx
= =




Specific Heat:
Latent
of
energy required to
change the state
lag a substance
of


without of th
-> a
change
a mL
=




Qing*g
Gas Laws

Boyle's Law:T constant =




and
inversely proportional
p I are



If the volumet, particles will collide with each other


and the container,
increasingthe pressure



Charle's law:P:constant



directly
V is
proportional to 7.
If ER. Collisions.
gas, particles gain
thatthe
you
frequent. Volume to
4
are more maintain
4 absolute
at zero particles the
have internal
same
pressure.
minimum energy.
:their k.Etends to zero