health assessment hesi exam CORRECT ANSWERS

What is the nursing process? Assessment Diagnosis Planning Implementation Evaluation What are the four types of ways to collect data? -complete health data base -episodic or problem-centered database -follow up database -emergency data base What is the difference between subjective and objective data? -subjective: what the pt says. -objective: what you observe as the nurse. What is a normal pulse for geriatric patients? 50-90 bpm Male Bladder Evaluation -note frequency, urgency, and nocturia -polyuria (excessive) -oliguria (diminished quality) -dysuria (pain while urinating) -UTI treatment What is gout? -A systemic disease caused by the buildup of uric acid in the blood (hyperuricemia). -Gout is most common in men; with women it usually occurs after menopause. What are some prevention methods for preventing gout? · Stay well-hydrated and reduce alcohol consumption to prevent gout attacks. · Additional prevention methods include weight reduction and dietary changes. · Medications can provide some relief from painful gout attacks. What is heberden's nodes? Bony overgrowths of distal interphalangeal joints caused by osteoarthritis inspection of limbic symmetry o ˜Inspect and palpate neck (cont.) o Symmetry o •Head position is centered in midline, and accessory neck muscles should be symmetrical o •Head should be held erect and still o ØThyroid gland •Difficult to palpate; check for enlargement, consistency, symmetry, and presence of nodules How do you test Cranial Nerve XII? hypoglossal nerve, by asking person to stick out tongue; should protrude in midline; note any tremor, loss of movement, or deviation to side Tremor within an aging adult o Temporal arteries may look twisted and prominent o In some aging adults, a mild rhythmic tremor of head may be normal What is ataxia? -uncoordinated or unsteady gait -lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movements. Ataxia is a non-specific clinical manifestation implying dysfunction of the parts of the nervous system that coordinate movement, such as the cerebellum.Several possible causes exist for these patterns of neurological dysfunction. --Dystaxia is a mild degree of ataxia. -Could be because equilibrium is off == can cause unsteady gait -Smooth, even gait reflects equal leg lengths and functional hip motion What can make someone's posture worse? -posture worsens with bed rest. What is kyphosis? Humpback in the thoracic area What does a CV assessment for an older adult consist of? · May feel dyspnea on exertion (difficulty breathing) · Common - gradual rise in systolic blood pressure · Diastolic pressure remains the same · Some older adult experience orthostatic hypotension - sudden drop in blood pressure when rising to sit or stand · ˜Aging adult (cont.) · Hemodynamic changes with aging · From age 20 to 60 years, systolic blood pressure increases by about 20 mm Hg, and by another 20 mm Hg between ages 60 and 80 years