Alterations of pulmonary function

A patient's arterial blood gas reveals decreased carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. What is the most likely cause of this situation? a. Hyperventilation b. Hypoventilation c. Apnea d. Cyanosis - a. When giving report, what term should the nurse use to describe the coughing up of bloody secretions? a. Hematemesis b. Cyanosis c. Rhinitis d. Hemoptysis - d. A 65-year-old diagnosed with emphysema presents to the ER for difficulty breathing. Physical examination reveals both bluish skin and mucous membranes. What term will the nurse use to document these observations? a. Cyanosis b. Hemoptysis c. Hematemesis d. Ischemia - a. A nurse is reviewing the results of an arterial blood gas (ABG) and finds reduced oxygenation of arterial blood. What term should the nurse use to describe this condition? a. Ischemia b. Hypoxia c. Hypoxemia d. Hypocapnia - c. What will a low ventilation-perfusion ratio of the lung result in? a. Increased dead space b. Shunting c. Alveolar collapse d. Bronchoconstriction - b. What phrase describes the condition in which a series of alveoli in the left lower lobe receive adequate ventilation but lack adequate perfusion? a. A right-to-left shunt b. Alveolar dead space