6531 Final Exam Review Nurse with Correct Answers & Explanation

What are signs & symptoms of SIADH (Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone)? - Answer-Increased production of ADH (antidiuretic hormone), hyponatremia, concentrated urine (from excess water resorption), elevated urine osmolality, mental status changes from cerebral edema. Diabetes insipidus is associated with what sodium level? - Answer-Hypernatremia Psychogenic polydipsia results in urine that is: - Answer-diluted with low osmolality and hyponatremia How would you determine the cause of a patient's AKI who presents with decreased urine output, history of neurogenic bladder, chronic foley, dark urine, and Cr increase from 1.3 to 2.1 over 3 months? - Answer-Flush the foley catheter to see if urine comes out and assess the patency of the catheter. This action will unblock clogged sediment or biofilm from chronic bacteriuria. When a female patient presents to the ER after sexual assault, what medications should be offered prior to discharge? - Answer-Ceftriaxone, azithromycin, Plan B, and Metronidazole. Manifestations of Conn syndrome (hyperaldosteronism)? - Answer-hypernatremia, hypokalemia, and hypertension What causes Cushing syndrome? - Answer-Increased levels of glucocorticoids, can be exogenous (from therapy) or endogenous (from adenoma or neoplasm). Manifestations of Cushing syndrome? - Answer-hypertension, truncal obesity, osteoporosis, skin fragility, and hyperglycemia. What differentiates primary adrenocortical insufficiency from secondary adrenocortical insufficiency? - Answer-Skin hyperpigmentation is present in primary adrenocortical insufficiency What is Trousseau's sign? - Answer-A carpal spasm elicited by compression of the upper arm with a BP cuff that indicates hypocalcemia. What is Chovstek's sign? - Answer-A hemifacial tic that is induced by tapping the facial nerve below the maxilla that indicates hypocalcemia.