post traumatic stress disorder 2

PTSD 1

 Stressor – thing causing stress
o Stressor > coping = stress
 Distress – stress impedes function
 Eustress – stress enhances function
 Coping strategies:
o Problem-focused – reduce stressor, adaptive behaviour
o Emotion-focused – change emotional reaction
o Appraisal focused – challenge assumptions, adaptive cognitive
o Engagement/disengagement
o Cognitive/behavioural/social
o Proactive
 Impact of stress depends on
o External factors
 Severity
 Duration
 Timing
 Cumulative
o Internal factors
 Personal impact
 Predictability
 Controllability
o Predisposing/risk factors
 Post-traumatic stress disorder
o Psychological and physical symptoms result from sudden, unexpected environmental
crises
o Symptoms:
 Traumatic event is persistently reexperienced by the person through
intrusive, recurring thoughts or nightmares
 Person avoids stimuli associated with trauma
 May experience chronic tension or irritability
 Insomnia and inability to tolerate noise
 Impaired concentration and memory
 Depression
 Avoidance of social situations or environments where exposed to stimuli
o Persistent
o Re-experience
o Avoidance
o Hyperarousal
 DSM5
o Criterion A – stressor:
 Exposed to death, threatened death, actual or threatened serious injury or
sexual violence through one of the following:
 Direct exposure
 Witnessing, in person
 Indirectly