Bio 140 Final Exam

Bio 140 Final Exam What are the steps in the scientific method? - -exploration and discovery -testing ideas -community analysis and feedback -benefits and outcomes The human body consist mainly of what elements? - oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen What is the central dogma? - DNA - RNA - Protein When simple compounds are combined into more complex molecules, the entropy inside the cell __________. - decreases When energy is released as heat, what happens to the entropy? - the entropy increases What two elements make up 99% of matter? - hydrogen and helium What is the first law of thermodynamics? - energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it can only be transformed from one form to another What is the second law of thermodynamics? - the degree of disorder in the universe tends to increase The amount of disorder in a system is the ________ of the system. - entropy What is the main difference between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes? - prokaryotes do not have a nucleus Define metabolism - chemical reactions by which cells convert energy from one form to another and build and breakdown molecules What is an ion? - a charged atom Loss of an electron is a - cation Gain of an electron is a - anion What makes up a mass number? - protons and neutrons The further the electrons are from the nucleus of an atom the _________ stable they are - less stable Carbon has how many valence electrons? - 4 What is unique about the rows of the periodic table? - they have the same number of shells and orbitals