Mometrix Questions with correct answers

A neonate receiving mechanical ventilation has a PaCO2 rate of 33 mmHg with a pH of 7.5 from a blood sample obtained from the umbilical artery. These values indicate: a. metabolic acidosis from decreased tissue perfusion b. respiratory acidosis from hypoventilation c. respiratory alkalosis from hyperventilation - Answer c. respiratory alkalosis from hyperventilation A neonate suffered perinatal asphyxia and developed moderate hypoxemic ischemic encephalopathy with neurological dysfunction, including seizures. The pharmalogic treatment that may be used to increase cerebral blood flow is: a. phenobarbital b. calcium channel blocker c. allopurinol - Answer b. calcium channel blocker Calcium channel blockers may increase cerebral blood flow with ischemia caused by HIE. Other treatments include phenobarbital for seizures. Allopurinol (40 mg/kg) 4 hours after birth reduces mortality rates. HIE results when oxygen supply to the brain is impaired. HIE is classified as mild, moderate, or severe, depending on the degree of ischemia and symptoms. Mild HIE usually resolves in 3-4 days and moderate HIE in 1-2 weeks, but permanent brain damage can occur with severe HIE. A neonate has had frequent blood draws to monitor electrolyte and glucose levels. This phlebotomy has caused anemia of prematurity (AoP) although the infant is not acutely hypoxemic. The initial treatment is: