C913

C913 What is Educational Psychology? - Educational psychologists study how students learn in classrooms How Will Learning About Educational Psychology Help You Be a Better Teacher? - - Teaching is complex work because it requires a wide range of knowledge and skills -Research in educational psychology offers many useful ideas for improving classroom instruction -Teachers who have had professional training are generally more effective The Nature and Values of Science - • Unsystematic observation may lead to false conclusions • Grade retention policies are influenced by unsystematic observation • Scientific methods: sampling, control, objectivity, publication, replication Complicating Factors in the Study of Behavior and Thought Processes - Research focuses on a few aspects of a problem • Complexity of teaching and learning limits uniform outcomes • Differences of opinion result from selection and interpretation of data • Accumulated knowledge leads researchers to revise original ideas Good Teaching Is Partly an Art and Partly a Science - • Teaching as an art: beliefs, emotions, values, flexibility • Research provides a scientific basis for "artistic" teaching • Good teachers combine "artistic" and "scientific" characteristics Reflective Teaching: A Process to Help You Grow from Novice to Expert - • Reflective teachers think about what they do and why • Reflective teachers have particular attitudes and abilities Erikson's Psychosocial Development Theory - Encompasses the life span; highlights the role of the person and culture in development; personality development based on epigenetic principle; personality grows out of successful resolution of psychosocial crises Erikson 2-3 Years - autonomy vs shame and doubt Erikson 4-5 Years - initiative vs guilt Erikson 6-11 Years - industry vs inferiority; students' sense of industry hampered by unhealthy competition for grades Erikson 12-18 Years - identity vs role confusion Role Confusion - Uncertainty as to what behaviors others will react to favorably