CLT And Functional Language Teaching
Audiolingual approach Correct Ans - An approach to second or foreign
language teaching, also known as the drill method. It is based on the
behaviourist theory of learning and on structural linguistics, especially the
contrastive analysis hypothesis. This instructional approach emphasizes the
formation of habits through the repetition, practice, and memorization of
sentence patterns in isolation from each other and from contexts of
meaningful use.
Behaviorism Correct Ans - A psychological theory stating that all
learning, whether verbal or non-verbal, takes place through the establishment
of habits. When learners imitate and repeat the language they hear in their
surrounding environment, and are positively reinforced for doing so, habit
formation (or learning) occurs.
Chunk Correct Ans - A unit of language (one or more words) that is
often perceived as a single sound unit. Chunks include formulaic expressions
(Thank you, Gimme, Gonna), but also words that often go together
(collocations), such as "ice cream cone" or "get a room".
Cognitive theory Correct Ans - A theory relating to how the human
mind receives, processes, stores and retrieves information - almost like a
computer. This theory applies to all internal learning mechanisms, not just
language acquisition.
Communicative competence (CLT) Correct Ans - The ability to use
language in a variety of settings, taking into account relationships between
speakers and differences in situations. Communicative competence comprises
the five subcompetences: linguistic, pragmatic, discourse, strategic and
fluency.
Comprehensible Input Correct Ans - A hypothesis proposed by
Stephen Krashen that learners will acquire language best when they are given
the appropriate input - comprehensible input + 1. The language may be
comprehensible in part because of gestures, contextual information, or prior
knowledge/experience. This hypothesis does not take output into account.
, Comprehensible Output Correct Ans - The hypothesis that succesful
language acquisition requires that learners also produce language - orally or
in writing. Merril Swain produced this hypothesis in response to Krashen's
comprehensible input hypothesis.
Declarative knowledge Correct Ans - The most basic level of
knowledge about a rule, e.g. a grammatical rule or the meaning of a word. We
know the word or the rule but have not yet learned to use it in context.
Derived from cognitive science and tells us how the brain processes
information like steps on a ladder.
Form-focused teaching Correct Ans - Teaching where the teacher
draws attention to the forms and structures of the language (grammar,
spelling, pronunciation, etc.). This may be done by providing students with
instruction, metalinguistic information or providing corrective feedback.
Metalinguistic awareness Correct Ans - The ability to think about
language as a system. Requires knowledge of especially grammar, spelling and
pronunciation. Kids who can't read don't have metalinguistic awareness of
language.
Fossilization Correct Ans - When a student gets stuck in his/her
interlanguage development and keeps making the same errors without
moving forward - even after the student has been instructed regarding
his/her error.
Over-generalization Correct Ans - A type of error that occurs when
students try to use a grammatical rule in a context where it does not belong,
e.g. regular verb ending on an irregular verb - he goed to the cinema.
Grammar Translation Method Correct Ans - An approach
characterized by the explicit teaching of grammar rules and the use of
translation exercises.
Innatist Theory Correct Ans - Theory stating that language learning is
natural for human beings, we are born with mental structures (a black box
containing universal grammar) that are designed specifically for the
acquisition of language. When exposed to comprehensible input, the language
will emerge.
Audiolingual approach Correct Ans - An approach to second or foreign
language teaching, also known as the drill method. It is based on the
behaviourist theory of learning and on structural linguistics, especially the
contrastive analysis hypothesis. This instructional approach emphasizes the
formation of habits through the repetition, practice, and memorization of
sentence patterns in isolation from each other and from contexts of
meaningful use.
Behaviorism Correct Ans - A psychological theory stating that all
learning, whether verbal or non-verbal, takes place through the establishment
of habits. When learners imitate and repeat the language they hear in their
surrounding environment, and are positively reinforced for doing so, habit
formation (or learning) occurs.
Chunk Correct Ans - A unit of language (one or more words) that is
often perceived as a single sound unit. Chunks include formulaic expressions
(Thank you, Gimme, Gonna), but also words that often go together
(collocations), such as "ice cream cone" or "get a room".
Cognitive theory Correct Ans - A theory relating to how the human
mind receives, processes, stores and retrieves information - almost like a
computer. This theory applies to all internal learning mechanisms, not just
language acquisition.
Communicative competence (CLT) Correct Ans - The ability to use
language in a variety of settings, taking into account relationships between
speakers and differences in situations. Communicative competence comprises
the five subcompetences: linguistic, pragmatic, discourse, strategic and
fluency.
Comprehensible Input Correct Ans - A hypothesis proposed by
Stephen Krashen that learners will acquire language best when they are given
the appropriate input - comprehensible input + 1. The language may be
comprehensible in part because of gestures, contextual information, or prior
knowledge/experience. This hypothesis does not take output into account.
, Comprehensible Output Correct Ans - The hypothesis that succesful
language acquisition requires that learners also produce language - orally or
in writing. Merril Swain produced this hypothesis in response to Krashen's
comprehensible input hypothesis.
Declarative knowledge Correct Ans - The most basic level of
knowledge about a rule, e.g. a grammatical rule or the meaning of a word. We
know the word or the rule but have not yet learned to use it in context.
Derived from cognitive science and tells us how the brain processes
information like steps on a ladder.
Form-focused teaching Correct Ans - Teaching where the teacher
draws attention to the forms and structures of the language (grammar,
spelling, pronunciation, etc.). This may be done by providing students with
instruction, metalinguistic information or providing corrective feedback.
Metalinguistic awareness Correct Ans - The ability to think about
language as a system. Requires knowledge of especially grammar, spelling and
pronunciation. Kids who can't read don't have metalinguistic awareness of
language.
Fossilization Correct Ans - When a student gets stuck in his/her
interlanguage development and keeps making the same errors without
moving forward - even after the student has been instructed regarding
his/her error.
Over-generalization Correct Ans - A type of error that occurs when
students try to use a grammatical rule in a context where it does not belong,
e.g. regular verb ending on an irregular verb - he goed to the cinema.
Grammar Translation Method Correct Ans - An approach
characterized by the explicit teaching of grammar rules and the use of
translation exercises.
Innatist Theory Correct Ans - Theory stating that language learning is
natural for human beings, we are born with mental structures (a black box
containing universal grammar) that are designed specifically for the
acquisition of language. When exposed to comprehensible input, the language
will emerge.
