IB Physics HL 2023 Update

IB Physics HL 2023 Update Fundamental SI units - ANS-kilogram (kg), metre (m), second (s), ampere (amp), mole (mol), kelvin (K) Random error - ANS-An unpredictable and largely uncontrollable uncertainty. (Examples include human reaction time and other forms of human measurement.) (Random errors can be reduced by taking the average of repeated measurements.) Systematic error - ANS-An error that occurs on all measurements. (An example is a zero error on a scale.) (Systematic errors can NOT be reduced by repeated measurement.) Vectors - ANS-displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, momentum. Scalars - ANS-mass, length, speed, energy, time. Displacement - ANS-the position of an object relative to a defined starting position Velocity - ANS-the rate at which displacement changes (with time) Speed - ANS-the rate at which distance changes (with time) Acceleration - ANS-the rate at which velocity changes (with time) Instantaneous speed - ANS-the speed at a particular moment in time Average speed - ANS-the total distance travelled divided by the total time taken (the average rate of movement) Equations of uniformly accelerated motion - ANS-v = u + at s = ½(u+v)t s = ut + ½ at² v² = u² + 2as Newton's First Law - ANS-A body will continue in its current state of motion (velocity) unless acted upon by a resultant force (a = 0 if ∑F = 0) Newton's Second Law - ANS-The acceleration of a body is proportional to the resultant force acting on the body (and is in the same direction) ∑F=ma ∑F= Δp/Δt Newton's Third Law - ANS-When two bodies interact, the force that body 1 exerts on body 2 is equal and opposite to the force that 2 exerts on 1 (F ₁₂= -F ₂₁) Continues...