aPHR Certification Study Guide (2023)

aPHR Certification Study Guide (2023) Human Resource Managment (HRM) - Answer-HRM consists of an organization's "people practices" - the policies, practices, and systems that influence employees' behavior, attitudes, and performance. Explain how HRM contributes to an organization's performance - Answer-Through its practices or process, The HRM influences who works for the organization and how those people work. These human resources, if well managed, have the potential to be a source of sustainable competitive advantage, contributing to basic objectives such as quality, profits, and customer satisfaction. HRM Process/ practices - Answer-1) Analysis and Design of work 2) HR planning 3) Recruitment 4) Selection 5)Training and development 6)Compensation 7)Performance Management 8) Employee Relations Human Capital - Answer-An Organization's employees, described in terms of their training, experience, judgement, intelligence, relationships, and insight. Human Resources qualities valuable to the success of organizations - Answer-1) Human Resources are VALUABLE- high-quality employees provide a needed service as they perform many critical functions. 2) Human Resources are RARE- a person with high levels of the needed skills and knowledge is not common 3) Human Resources CANNOT BE IMITATED - 4) Human Resources have NO GOOD SUBSTITUTES High Performance Work System - Answer-An organization in which technology, organizational structure, people, and processes work seamlessly to give an organization an advantage in the competitive environment. Maintaining a High-Performance Work System may include: - Answer--Development of training programs -Recruitment of people with new skill sets - Establishment of rewards for such behaviors as team work, flexibility, and learning Ratio of HR employees to total employees - Answer-2 full time HR staff persons for every 100 employees on payroll. In small organizations the ratio is much higher Administrative role of HRM - Answer-Handling administrative tasks ( hiring employees, answering questions about benefits) efficiently and with a commitment to quality. This requires expertise in the particular task Business Partner role of HRM - Answer-Developing effective HR systems that help the org meet its goals attracting, keeping, and developing people with the skill it needs. For the systems to be effective, HR people must understand the business so it can understand what the business needs Strategic partner role - Answer-Contributing to the company's strategies through an understanding of its existing and needed HR and ways HR practices can give the company a competitive advantage. For strategic ideas to be effective, HR people must understand the business, it's industry, and its competitors Job Analysis - Answer-The process of getting detailed information about jobs Work Flow Design - Answer-The process of analyzing the tasks necessary for the production of a product or service Job - Answer-A set of related duties Position - Answer-A set of duties performed by a particular person Job Description - Answer-A list of the tasks, duties, and responsibilities (TDRs) that a particular job entails Job Specification - Answer-A list if the knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics that an individual must have to perform a particular job Job Design - Answer-The process of defining the way work will be performed and the tasks that a given job requires Industrial Engineering - Answer-The study of jobs to find the simplest way to structure work in order to maximize efficiency Job enlargement - Answer-Broadening the types of tasks performed in a job Job extension - Answer-Enlarging jobs by combining several relatively simple jobs to for a job with a wider range of tasks Job rotation - Answer-Enlarging jobs by moving employees among several different jobs Job enrichment - Answer-Empowering workers by adding more decision making authority to jobs Continues...