PCOA Practice Questions Already Passed A prevalence study conducted from January 1 to December 31, 2017, on a population of 125,000 identified 500 cases of a disease. The incidence rate of this disease is 2 per 1,0 00. What percentage of the cases was newly diagnosed in 2017? A. 5% B. 50% C. 2% D. Answer cannot be calculated from this data set C. 2% Of 125,000 people, there were a total of 500 cases. An incidence rate of 2 per 1,000 means 250 new cases per 125,000 people. Thus, 50% are new cases. What mechanism is most commonly responsible for causing Down syndrome? A. Translocation of the Philadelphia chromosome (9 and 22) B. Deletion of a portion of the short arm of chromosome 5 C. Nondisjunction during meiotic segregation D. Robertsonian translocation of chromosome 21 C. Nondisjunction during meiotic segregation Most commonly, Down syndrome occurs as an error during cell division. Other causes, although less likely, are mosaicis m and Robertsonian translocation of chromosomes 21 and 14. 00:0204:06 Which of the following is not part of the epidemiologic triad? A. Host B. Environment C. Agent D. Vector D. Vector The epidemiologic triad consists of the host, the agent, and the environment. Which of the following statements is not true regarding green tea? A. The major dose -limiting ingredient of green tea extract appears to be caffeine B. Human studies demonstrate that 8 -16 cups of green tea per day are safe and well tolerated C. Human data suggest that green tea extract is associated with significant liver injury D. Green tea is associated with lower systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and LDL -C in humans C. Human data suggest that green tea ext ract is associated with significant liver injury In 2008, the Dietary Supplements Information Expert Committee (DSI EC) of the United States Pharmacopeial Convention systematically reviewed 216 case reports on green tea products, including 34 reports conc erning liver damage, in response to concerns over hepatotoxicity related to green tea extract (GTE) -containing weight -loss products. The data suggest that liver -
related adverse effects after GTE intake are rare. What agency generally regulates traditional pharmacy compounding? A. FDA B. USP C. PCAB D. State boards of pharmacy D. State boards of pharmacy The regulation of pharmacy compounding is generally regulated by individual state boards of pharmacy. This is true for pharmacies operating as traditional pharmacies (i.e., compounding is performed for specific patients, pursuant to a valid prescription). Pharmacies operating outside of this scope may be subject to FDA jurisdiction. Which of the following are characteristics of stratification? (Mark all tha t apply.) A. Is conducted before randomization B. Ensures equal distribution of subject characteristics between groups C. Requires larger number of subjects D. Can be used in parallel or crossover studies A, B, C, D. Stratification ensures equal distribu tion of selected subject characteristics between groups. It requires a larger number of patients and can be used in both parallel and crossover study designs. Stratification is performed before randomization. A patient is taking digoxin 0.125 mg per day wi th a measured steady state of 1.7 ng/mL drawn 5 hours after his last digoxin dose. His heart rate is 81 beats per minute at this time. The desired steady -state concentration is 1.0 ng/mL. What is the most appropriate course of action? A. Stop dosing, wait for the concentration to fall to 1 ng/mL, and restart dosing at 0.125 mg every other day B. Decrease the dose to 0.125 mg every other day C. Check the patient's renal function D. Redraw the level later in the dosing interval D. Redraw the level later in t he dosing interval Digoxin has a significant distribution phase (two -compartment model), but the therapeutic range is based on digoxin trough concentrations. If a level is drawn less than 8 hours after administration of the dose, then the digoxin concentr ation will be falsely elevated. The patient's heart rate is 81 bpm, which also does not suggest the dose is too high. In this case, redraw an appropriate trough level. In 1945, 1,000 women worked in a factory painting radium dials on watches. A study compa red the incidence of bone cancer in these women, up to 1975, with the incidence of bone cancer in
related adverse effects after GTE intake are rare. What agency generally regulates traditional pharmacy compounding? A. FDA B. USP C. PCAB D. State boards of pharmacy D. State boards of pharmacy The regulation of pharmacy compounding is generally regulated by individual state boards of pharmacy. This is true for pharmacies operating as traditional pharmacies (i.e., compounding is performed for specific patients, pursuant to a valid prescription). Pharmacies operating outside of this scope may be subject to FDA jurisdiction. Which of the following are characteristics of stratification? (Mark all tha t apply.) A. Is conducted before randomization B. Ensures equal distribution of subject characteristics between groups C. Requires larger number of subjects D. Can be used in parallel or crossover studies A, B, C, D. Stratification ensures equal distribu tion of selected subject characteristics between groups. It requires a larger number of patients and can be used in both parallel and crossover study designs. Stratification is performed before randomization. A patient is taking digoxin 0.125 mg per day wi th a measured steady state of 1.7 ng/mL drawn 5 hours after his last digoxin dose. His heart rate is 81 beats per minute at this time. The desired steady -state concentration is 1.0 ng/mL. What is the most appropriate course of action? A. Stop dosing, wait for the concentration to fall to 1 ng/mL, and restart dosing at 0.125 mg every other day B. Decrease the dose to 0.125 mg every other day C. Check the patient's renal function D. Redraw the level later in the dosing interval D. Redraw the level later in t he dosing interval Digoxin has a significant distribution phase (two -compartment model), but the therapeutic range is based on digoxin trough concentrations. If a level is drawn less than 8 hours after administration of the dose, then the digoxin concentr ation will be falsely elevated. The patient's heart rate is 81 bpm, which also does not suggest the dose is too high. In this case, redraw an appropriate trough level. In 1945, 1,000 women worked in a factory painting radium dials on watches. A study compa red the incidence of bone cancer in these women, up to 1975, with the incidence of bone cancer in
