CMSRN 1 (2022/2023) Already Graded A

CMSRN 1 (2022/2023) Already Graded A You may see a slight increase in diastolic blood pressure early in shock because: A. Concurrent brain injury is present B. Stroke volume has increased C. There is an increase in vascular tone D. Left ventricular contractions have strengthened C. There is an increase in vascular tone A 62-year-old male patient with a remote history of rheumatic fever is admitted to the medical-surgical unit with the following symptoms: Subjective: Shortness of breath, chest pain, syncope Objective: Peripheral edema, neck vein distension, weight gain, cyanosis, hepatomegaly, bounding pulses, cardiac arrhythmia Which of the following is most likely this patient's primary diagnosis? A. Abdominal aortic aneurysm B. Left heart failure C. Aortic valve stenosis D. Endocarditis C. Aortic valve stenosis You are caring for a patient who has been admitted to the hospital with an intestinal obstruction. All of the following are appropriate nursing interventions for this patient except: A. Monitor hemodynamics closely B. Educate the patient on enteral nutrition C. Provide pain management as ordered D. Prepare patient and family for surgical procedure and potential ostomy B. Educate the patient on enteral nutrition A patient is admitted to the hospital with severe pain, guarding, and rigidity of the abdomen. Labs indicate increased levels of amylase and leukocytosis. Cullen's sign is positive (bruising around the umbilicus, indicative of intra-abdominal bleeding) and the patient is showing some signs of respiratory distress. The patient has a history of alcohol abuse. Which of the following conditions is most likely to be diagnosed? A. Alcoholic cirrhosis B. Pneumonia C. Acute liver failure D. Acute pancreatitis D. Acute pancreatitis Your male patient, who has a diagnosis of chronic liver failure, has deficient vitamin K absorption. Which assessment findings indicate vitamin K deficiency? A. Testicular atrophy and gynecomastia B. Dyspnea and fatigue C. Petechiae and ecchymoses D. Ascites and orthopnea C. Petechiae and ecchymoses When performing an assessment on a patient with emphysema, you find that your patient has a barrel chest. The alteration in the patient's chest is due to: A. Hyperinflation of the lungs B. Use of accessory muscles C. Chronic hypoxia D. Collapse of distal alveoli A. Hyperinflation of the lungs Supination is defined as: A. Turning a part toward midline B. Turning a part away from midline C. Turning upward D. Turning downward C. Turning upward To confirm a diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI), the nurse would expect the physician to order which laboratory tests? A. Myoglobin, creatine kinase, and sedimentation rate B. Creatine kinase, troponin, and sedimentation rate C. Troponin, aPTT, and myoglobin D. Troponin, myoglobin, and creatine kinase D. Troponin, myoglobin, and creatine kinase The structure that contains the vas deferens and all arteries, veins, and lymph vessels that supply the testes is the: A. Epididymis B. Prostate gland C. Seminal vesicle D. Spermatic cord D. Spermatic cord Which of the following is an example of an ACE inhibitor? A. Amlodipine (Norvasc) B. Metoprolol (Lopressor) C. Amiodarone (Cordarone) D. Captopril (Capoten) D. Captopril (Capoten) Regulatory centers in the brain respond to stimulation from sensory receptors. All of the following statements related to sensory receptors are true except: A. Chemoreceptors respond to changes in pH, PaO2, and PaCO2 B. Stretch receptors prevent excessive distension of the lung C. When PCO2 increases, a patient is triggered to breathe more rapidly D. As pH rises, a patient is triggered to breathe more rapidly D. As pH rises, a patient is triggered to breathe more A patient with which of the following conditions would most typically be found sitting on the side of the bed, leaning forward, with an anxious expression? A. Chronic bronchitis B. Pleural effusion C. Gastroesophageal reflux disease D. Emphysema D. Emphysema Which of the following serve as the first line of defense against microorganisms, acting as phagocytes? A. Granulocytes B. Neutrophils C. Basophils D. Eosinophils B. Neutrophils The trachea branches into the right and left mainstream bronchi at the: A. Cricoid B. Apex of the pleural cavity C. Apex of the diaphragm D. Carina D. Carina Nephrolithiasis is: A. Kidney stones B. Always going to result in some degree of damage to the urinary tract C. All of these D. Masses of crystals and protein that obstruct blood flow A. Kidney stones Most cases of acute pyelonephritis are caused by: A. Klebsiella invasion B. Fungal or viral infections C. Proteus invasion D. Escherichia coli invasion D. Escherichia coli invasion Assessing for distention of the neck veins can best be completed: A. With the patient sitting up at a 90-degree angle B. With the patient's head elevated 30-45 degrees C. With the patient in Trendelenburg position D. With the patient lying prone in bed B. With the patient's head elevated 30-45 degrees In a patient with glomerulonephritis, an acute inflammation of the kidney, the nurse would anticipate all of the following laboratory findings except: A. Proteinuria B. Hematuria C. Positive antibody test for streptokinase exoenzymes D. Decreased sedimentation rate D. Decreased sedimentation rate The most common respiratory cause of death in the United States is: A. Pneumonia B. Pulmonary embolism C. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) D. Status asthmaticus C. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) The epidermis is composed of how many layers? A. Five B. Four C. Two D. Three A. Five The five layers of the epidermis include the stratum germinativum or basal layer (innermost layer), the stratum spinosum, the stratum granulosum, the stratum lucidum, and the stratum corneum (outermost layer). Which of the following statements is true related to antidiuretic hormone (ADH)? A. It is synthesized by the posterior pituitary gland B. It is stored in the anterior pituitary gland C. It is synthesized in the hypothalamus D. It is stored in the hypothalamus C. It is synthesized in the hypothalamus Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is synthesized in the: A. Hypothalamus B. Pituitary gland C. Pineal gland D. Thalamus A. Hypothalamus What is the treatment for hyperparathyroidism? A. Thyroid hormone replacement therapy B. Spironolactone treatment C. Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy D. Surgical removal of the glands D. Surgical removal of the glands A nurse is caring for an elderly patient with congestive heart failure. The nurse keeps in mind that respiratory changes associated with aging include diminished effectiveness of gas exchange between alveolus and capillary walls leading to: A. Thinning of pulmonary vasculature B. An increase in pH and pCO2 C. Thinning of moist mucous membranes D. A decline in pO2 and O2 saturation D. A decline in pO2 and O2 saturation The median age of onset of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is: A. 15 years of age B. 4 years of age C. 50 years of age D. 60 years of age B. 4 years of age An esophageal obstruction is defined as any blockage of the gastrointestinal tract. What is the most common cause of this condition? A. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) B. Esophageal tumors C. Achalasia D. Infection A. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) All of the following medications are contraindicated in type 1 diabetes mellitus except: A. Glimepiride (Amaryl) B. Pramlintide (Symlin) C. Metformin extended release (Glucophage XR) D. Glipizide (Glucotrol) B. Pramlintide (Symlin) Enteral feeding products come from manufacturers in ready-to-feed cans, powders that require reconstituting, or in pre-filled bags that are ready to be spiked. Bacterial contamination of the formula can be reduced by: A. Discarding refillable bags every 48 hours B. Refrigerating reconstituted formulas for a maximum of 72 hours C. Adhering to hanging formula at room temperature for 4-8 hours for open systems D. Mixing, diluting, and reconstituting formulas in the patient's room to avoid cross-contamination C. Adhering to hanging formula at room temperature for 4-8 hours for open systems You are performing a shift assessment on your 72-year old male patient. While listening to his heart, you hear a sound right before S1. What can this finding suggest to you? A. This is an atrial kick and helps the heart beat better B. This is an atrial gallop and can mean something is wrong C. Nothing. This is a normal finding in the older population. D. This is a ventricular gallop and is heard in healthy patients B. This is an atrial gallop and can mean something is wrong When assessing a male patient with pheochromocytoma, a tumor of the adrenal medulla that secretes excessive catecholamine, the nurse is most likely to detect: A. A supine blood pressure of 100/55 B. Weight gain C. A fasting blood glucose of 60 mg/dL D. Tachycardia D. Tachycardia For a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which of the following nursing interventions would help maintain a patent airway? A. Enforcing strict bedrest B. Restricting fluid intake to 1,000 mL/day C. Teaching the patient how to perform controlled coughing D. Administering prescribed sedatives regularly and in large amounts C. Teaching the patient how to perform controlled coughing You are completing an assessment of a 90-year-old patient who was admitted to the hospital for congestive heart failure. You know that many typical physiologic changes are associated with aging. With this knowledge in mind, which of the following statements is true about your elderly patient's cardiovascular system? A. Heart valves become thin with age B. Functional systolic murmurs decrease with age C. Increased heart rates are not well tolerated, and may result in worsening congestive heart failure D. Cardiac output declines C. Increased heart rates are not well tolerated, and may result in worsening congestive heart failure