EXSC 387 Final Exam/EXSC 387 Final Exam
(Answered) Graded A+
Alcohol
Alcohol has the highest priority for oxidation.
Obesity and weight gain
Excess energy consumption leads to body fat accumulation regardless of macronutrient
source.
The following are risks of obesity: cancer, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia.
Weightloss
The hCG diet is increasing in popularity due to inappropriate incentives
Higher amounts of exercise vs lower is more effective in maintaining weight loss
Diabetes
Being overweight or obese is the most significant indicator of diabetes
The following are symptoms of diabetes: fatigue, weakness, polyphagia, polyuria
The following are complications of diabetes: end-stage kidney disease, blindness, heart
disease and stroke
In both type 1 and type 2 diabetes the body's ability to burn fuel or glucose is impaired
Glucose levels
Diabetic fasting glucose levels: ≥126 mg/dl on two occasions
Impaired fasting glucose levels: 100-125 mg/dl
Type 2 Diabetes
Obesity is the risk factor that explains the majority of type 2 diabetes in the US
About 90% of type 2 diabetes can be attributed to lifestyle
85% of people diagnosed with type 2 are obese at the time
The leading cause of diabetes related death is heart disease
From the study: reduction in incidence of type 2... lifestyle is more effective than
metformin in reducing type 2
Type 1 Diabetes
Dental complications are common
Diabetic retinopathy is a complication
Hypertension
Nonmodifiable risk factors: age, ethnic background, family history
Modifiable: stress, diet, PA
There is typically an increased risk with an increase in age
Unacculturated societies don't have increased risk in older population
Studies show that lower hypertension may have more to do with lifestyle than genetic
factors
Effects of Comprehensive Lifestyle Modification on Blood Pressure Control study
results: established plus DASH group increased fruit and veggie intake
Blood pressure
Heart contracting: systolic blood pressure
Between beats: diastolic
Hypertensive BP: systolic BP = ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP = ≥ 90 mm Hg on two
separate occasions
, Aerobic exercise decrease BP in people with and without high BP
Average blood pressure levels have increased in adults and children in the US
Losing 10kg of body weight would lead to: Systolic BP drop 16 points and diastolic BP
drop 11 points
Hypertension and blood pressure
Lowering BP with aerobic exercise is effective for hypertensive, normotensive,
overweight, and normal weight people
During exercise, HR and diastolic BP increase while systolic BP stays about the same
as resting
Sodium
Joint National Commission for the Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood
Pressure (JNCDETHBP) daily recommended sodium intake: less than 2,400 mg/day
Institute of Medicine (IOM) daily recommended sodium intake: no more than 2,300
mg/day
If the nation decreased sodium intake to 2,300 mg/day it would reduce hypertension by
11.1 million cases
Immune System
T and B cells originate from stem cells produced in the bone marrow
T and B cells are a subset of white blood cells called lymphocytes
Autoimmune diseases (facts to know)
Women have a greater risk of being afflicted with autoimmune disease
Diets high in omega 3 fatty acids lessen inflammation and aid in reducing symptoms of
rheumatoid arthritis
Grave's disease can result in bulging eyes
Vitiligo is a disease that results in white pigmented patches on the skin
Exercise can reduce insulin requirements in type 1 diabetics by 30-50%
Multiple Sclerosis
Women are afflicted with MS 2-3 times more than men
MS is not directly inherited
MS is characterized by focal areas of degeneration of the myelin sheaths of nerve fibers
One study showed that MS patients who had less than 20g of saturated fat per day had
a 5% mortality rate
Wellness and business
Businesses may reap these benefits by offering health/wellness programs:
Increased productivity
Reduced absenteeism
Lower medical claim loss
Lower absenteeism led to a saving of 15.60 for every dollar spent on the wellness
program
Insurance companies "risk rate" (apply higher premiums to) people with known risk
factors
Cholesterol levels
Polyunsaturated Fat consumption :
Decreases bad cholesterol and increases good cholesterol.
Heart Disease
(Answered) Graded A+
Alcohol
Alcohol has the highest priority for oxidation.
Obesity and weight gain
Excess energy consumption leads to body fat accumulation regardless of macronutrient
source.
The following are risks of obesity: cancer, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia.
Weightloss
The hCG diet is increasing in popularity due to inappropriate incentives
Higher amounts of exercise vs lower is more effective in maintaining weight loss
Diabetes
Being overweight or obese is the most significant indicator of diabetes
The following are symptoms of diabetes: fatigue, weakness, polyphagia, polyuria
The following are complications of diabetes: end-stage kidney disease, blindness, heart
disease and stroke
In both type 1 and type 2 diabetes the body's ability to burn fuel or glucose is impaired
Glucose levels
Diabetic fasting glucose levels: ≥126 mg/dl on two occasions
Impaired fasting glucose levels: 100-125 mg/dl
Type 2 Diabetes
Obesity is the risk factor that explains the majority of type 2 diabetes in the US
About 90% of type 2 diabetes can be attributed to lifestyle
85% of people diagnosed with type 2 are obese at the time
The leading cause of diabetes related death is heart disease
From the study: reduction in incidence of type 2... lifestyle is more effective than
metformin in reducing type 2
Type 1 Diabetes
Dental complications are common
Diabetic retinopathy is a complication
Hypertension
Nonmodifiable risk factors: age, ethnic background, family history
Modifiable: stress, diet, PA
There is typically an increased risk with an increase in age
Unacculturated societies don't have increased risk in older population
Studies show that lower hypertension may have more to do with lifestyle than genetic
factors
Effects of Comprehensive Lifestyle Modification on Blood Pressure Control study
results: established plus DASH group increased fruit and veggie intake
Blood pressure
Heart contracting: systolic blood pressure
Between beats: diastolic
Hypertensive BP: systolic BP = ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP = ≥ 90 mm Hg on two
separate occasions
, Aerobic exercise decrease BP in people with and without high BP
Average blood pressure levels have increased in adults and children in the US
Losing 10kg of body weight would lead to: Systolic BP drop 16 points and diastolic BP
drop 11 points
Hypertension and blood pressure
Lowering BP with aerobic exercise is effective for hypertensive, normotensive,
overweight, and normal weight people
During exercise, HR and diastolic BP increase while systolic BP stays about the same
as resting
Sodium
Joint National Commission for the Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood
Pressure (JNCDETHBP) daily recommended sodium intake: less than 2,400 mg/day
Institute of Medicine (IOM) daily recommended sodium intake: no more than 2,300
mg/day
If the nation decreased sodium intake to 2,300 mg/day it would reduce hypertension by
11.1 million cases
Immune System
T and B cells originate from stem cells produced in the bone marrow
T and B cells are a subset of white blood cells called lymphocytes
Autoimmune diseases (facts to know)
Women have a greater risk of being afflicted with autoimmune disease
Diets high in omega 3 fatty acids lessen inflammation and aid in reducing symptoms of
rheumatoid arthritis
Grave's disease can result in bulging eyes
Vitiligo is a disease that results in white pigmented patches on the skin
Exercise can reduce insulin requirements in type 1 diabetics by 30-50%
Multiple Sclerosis
Women are afflicted with MS 2-3 times more than men
MS is not directly inherited
MS is characterized by focal areas of degeneration of the myelin sheaths of nerve fibers
One study showed that MS patients who had less than 20g of saturated fat per day had
a 5% mortality rate
Wellness and business
Businesses may reap these benefits by offering health/wellness programs:
Increased productivity
Reduced absenteeism
Lower medical claim loss
Lower absenteeism led to a saving of 15.60 for every dollar spent on the wellness
program
Insurance companies "risk rate" (apply higher premiums to) people with known risk
factors
Cholesterol levels
Polyunsaturated Fat consumption :
Decreases bad cholesterol and increases good cholesterol.
Heart Disease
