Urban Planning Test

1. One common argument made against planning is that it is unnecessary in a free marker, though this argument fails to recognize the problem of market failures that planning attempts to address. 2. Which concept best illustrates the difficulty of tranforming indi- vidual preferences into one soci- etal preference? 3. which of the following are rival and non-excludable and hense can result in the market failre of overconsumption? 4. externalities are the social cost of production that are not reflect- ed in the consumer price like the environmental and health im- pacts caused by a polluting fac- tory 5. which of the following are ex- amples of urban planning strate- gies for addressing market fail- ures 6. which of the following accurately describes rational planning the- ory? True Impossibility theorem common resources true environmental planning to protect, and transportation planning for provision of public goods, landuse regulation to deal with externalities and community devel- opment planning to addres prisoner de- velopment, affordable housing, health, and environmental planning to address social inequities utilizes tools that include the mathemat- ical modeling and the rational model of planning 7. true unlike rational planning that em- phasizes the goal of optimizing, incrementalist planning is based on the principle of bounded ra- tionality, which says that we at- tempt to satusfice by search- ing for the option that is good enough 8. which of the following accurately describes communicative theo- ry 9. advocacy does not planning call plaenners to work from a stand- point of strict value neutrali- ty, serving as dispassionate te- chinicians who produce a single "unitary" plan that represents the overall public interest 10. which of the following accurately describes incrementalist theory of planning 11. In "Home Rule" states, local gov- ernment only has those powers expressly granted and implied by the state, as well as those inherent to functioning, while in "Dillon''s Rule" states, local gov- ernment has any powers except those forbidden by or in conflict with the state. 12. which of the following accurate- ly describes the role of govern- ment in urban planning? says planners should provde residents with techincal data and help them to un- derstand they are not this the method of "muddling through" false false 13. 13. which of the following accurately eminent domain in the US? is justified by the potential inability to oth- erwise acquire land for public purposes, such as road construction. 14. 4th amendment Protection against Unreasonable Search and Seizure 15. 5th amendment requires just compensation for private property taken for public use 16. 14th amendment restricts states from depriving any person of property without due process 17. which of the following accurate- ly describes the Kelo vs. City of New London supreme court case? 18. Only those residents who actual- ly live in a city in a city can take legal action against that munici- pality over its land-use controls, even if such controls create bar- riers that prevent potential resi- dents from moving to that city. after the Kelo case, many states passed legistlation restricting the use of eminent domain for private development false 19. Why was the Village of Euclid vs. upheld the police power of local govern- Ambler Realty Supreme Court case signifigant for planning? 20. Which of the following accurate- ly describes the appeal of zoning ordinances and other land regu- lations? 21. police power is the ability of government to regulate activi- ties of private citizens to safe- guard the public interest (health, safety, and public welfare) and ments to guard the welfare of the public interest through land regulation. early zoning ordinances were appealing to home owners, since they provided pro- tection of their assets true does not constitute a "taking" that requires just compensation 22. which of the following accurate- ly describes goal-setting during the comprehensive plan-making process? 23. which of the following accurate- ly describes a comprehensive plan? 24. the two most common tools for implementing a comprehen- sive plan are capital invest- ments, which allow development to take place, and land-use con- trols, which guide the develop- ment that occurs. 25. public acquisation of land for open space preservation would not be considered a type of pub- lic capital investment, since no infrastructure or public facilities are actually being constructed goals in comprehensive planning should be financially viable, as well as technical- ly viable, for comprehensive to be imple- mentable, the public should actively par- ticipate in goal formulation, goals in com- prehensive planning should be for com- mon good comprehensive plans are long range, and are often mandated by the state. true false 26. general obligation bonds used for public capital investments, such as schools, require voter approval and are repaid from the general fund. 27. revenue bonds used to finance capital investments that will generate funding directly, such as a toll road 28. grants 29. Capital investment programs, which must be consistent with the comprehensive plan, are typ- ically a 5 year program that lists funding and expenditures for public capital investments 30. which of the following accurate- ly decsribes conventional zon- ing ordinances? funds provided by the federal govern- ment for public capital investments on a case-by-case or entitlement basis true typically specifies "by right" permitted land uses, as well as conditional uses requiring a permit 31. subdivision regulations governs division of land parcels into smaller lots, and outlines the plat map review process 32. building codes regulates contruction standerds for struc- tures built on land parcels 33. design guidelines evaluates aesthetic qualities of new de- velopments and renewal projects 34. overlay districts places additional controls, in addition to existing zoning, on areas with unique qualities 35. impact/performance zoning allows for land uses with minimal negative effects that would otherwise be forbidden by existing zoning 36. incentive zoning allows developers to exceed zoning stan- dards in exchange for providing benefits, such as affordable housing 37. planned-unit development allows for alterations to existing zoning for integrated developments, providing greater flexibility 38. cluster zoning allows for deviation from existing sub- division regulations, to provide common open space and smaller and smaller lot size 39. form-based codes set controls on building form, including building siting, massing, and frontage layout, based on lo- cation along the rural-to-urban transect, with owners entitled "by-right" to switch between al- lowable land uses without rezon- ing 40. all towns and cities prior to the industrial revolution lacked any type of "planning" and instead grew organically over time. true false 41. medieval towns restricted by fortifactions, with buildings and streets built to suit their role as the marketplace 42. renaissance cities influenced by aesthetic concerns, such, symmetry, and uniformity, illustrated in Palma Nova 43. colonial towns emphasis placed on importance of squares and cosistent grid lay-outs of streets, as illustrated in Montevideo 44. which of the following accurate- ly describes a movement that emerged in response to the US industrial city? the housing reform movement rejected subsidized housing, arguing instead for regulation of private development. 45. is sometimes referred to as US Grand Manner planning, for its emphasis on which of the following accurate- ly describes the City Beautiful Movement in the US? 46. Unlike European Grand Manner planning focused on small fo- cused on small-scale adornment of cities, the US Aesthetic Move- ments called for planning of cities and total urban restructur- ing. 47. which of the hollowing move- ments focused on improving the existing metropolis, rather than abandoning it? 48. which of the following show- cased the philosophy of the modernist movement? 49. Which of the following accurate- ly describes an important shap- ing US cities after World War 2? 50. during the great depression, fed- eral funding for infrastructure and regional planning increased, while the government experi- mented with federal ownership of the new Greenbelt Towns. 51. which of the following accurately describes urban planning after World War II? grandeur, resulted in implementation of the MacMillan Plan in Washington DC, as well as civic centers in numerous cities, the plan of Chicago, a city beautiful plan, was privately sponsored, but implement- ed with voter-approved bonds false the garden cities movement, the regional- ist movement, the city functional/ efficient movement Brasilia Freeways increased suburban access- ability but were often built through low-in- come miniority communities in cities True during the social turmoil of the 60's/70's community development, equity, and en- vironmental planning emerged