Arborist Study Guide: Complete With Solutions
Parent Material Correct Ans - material from which a soil is formed, determines composition and properties of the soil
Soil Horizons Correct Ans - Soil Profile Correct Ans - a vertical section of soil from the ground surface to the parent rock
Ideal soil composition Correct Ans - 45% parent material, 50% pore space (air and water), 5% organic matter
Bulk Density Correct Ans - The weight of dried soil per unit of undisturbed soil volume
Macropores Correct Ans - Large pores which help with the transmission of water and air in the soil. Generally filled with air.
Micropores Correct Ans - Small pore space typically holding water
Ideal pH for most tree species Correct Ans - 6.0-6.5
Buffering Capacity Correct Ans - Resistance to changes in PH particularly soils high in clay and organic material.
Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) Correct Ans - A measure of soil's attraction, retention, and exchange of positively charged ions. Soils high in clay and organic matter have high CEC.
Nematodes Correct Ans - Microscopic roundworms that can parasitize tree roots and transmit disease
Gravitational Water Correct Ans - The water that drains through macropores under the force of gravity. Field capacity Correct Ans - The maximum amount of water held by soil particles once gravitational water drains away
Wilting point Correct Ans - minimal point of soil moisture the plant requires not to wilt
Infiltration rate Correct Ans - speed at which water soaks into the soil
Soil Structure Correct Ans - How the particles that make up a soil are organized and clumped together.
Leaching Correct Ans - removal of dissolved materials from soil by water moving downwards through soil.
Wall 1 Correct Ans - Limits vertical spread of decay
Wall 2 Correct Ans - Limits inward spread of decay
Wall 3 Correct Ans - Limits lateral spread of decay
Wall 4 Correct Ans - New growth ring that forms after injury
Meristems Correct Ans - Plant tissue that remains embryonic as long as the plant lives, allowing for indeterminate growth. Located in shoot tips, root tips, and in the cambium layer.
Apical Dominance Correct Ans - The tendency for terminal buds to inhibit the growth of lateral buds. Vertical growth form.
Branch collar Correct Ans - Formed when the trunk tissues grow around branch tissues, creating a bulge.
Conduction, anchoring, storage, and absorption Correct Ans - The four main functions of the root system
Compartmentalization Of Decay In Trees Correct Ans - CODIT stands for? Excurrent Growth Correct Ans - Trees with upright growth and a strong, central leader
Decurrent Growth Correct Ans - Trees with rounded, horizontal growth. Often broader than tall.
Absorbing roots Correct Ans - These roots are found in upper 12 inches of soil
Auxin Correct Ans - a plant hormone that promotes root formation, bud growth, and cell elongation.
Lenticel Correct Ans - Spaces on the stem used for gas exchange
Adventitious Shoot Correct Ans - Vegetative tissue that develops from newly organized meristems rather than latent buds;
frequently associated with pruning wounds.
Allelopathy Correct Ans - The inhibition of growth of one plant by another, usually through chemical compounds released into the soil environment.
Anthracnose Correct Ans - A fungal disease causing dead areas on leaves, buds, stems, or fruit; commonly caused by
Cryptocline, Disula, Clomerella, and Gnomonia sp.
Bleeding Correct Ans - Flow of sap from wounds and/or other injuries
Bole Correct Ans - The central stem of the tree
Branch Bark Ridge Correct Ans - A ridge of bark in a branch crotch that marks where branch and trunk tissue meet and often
extends down the trunk
Branch Protection Zone Correct Ans - A thin zone of starch-rich tissue at the base of a branch into which chemicals are
deposited to retard the spread of discoloration and decay
Parent Material Correct Ans - material from which a soil is formed, determines composition and properties of the soil
Soil Horizons Correct Ans - Soil Profile Correct Ans - a vertical section of soil from the ground surface to the parent rock
Ideal soil composition Correct Ans - 45% parent material, 50% pore space (air and water), 5% organic matter
Bulk Density Correct Ans - The weight of dried soil per unit of undisturbed soil volume
Macropores Correct Ans - Large pores which help with the transmission of water and air in the soil. Generally filled with air.
Micropores Correct Ans - Small pore space typically holding water
Ideal pH for most tree species Correct Ans - 6.0-6.5
Buffering Capacity Correct Ans - Resistance to changes in PH particularly soils high in clay and organic material.
Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) Correct Ans - A measure of soil's attraction, retention, and exchange of positively charged ions. Soils high in clay and organic matter have high CEC.
Nematodes Correct Ans - Microscopic roundworms that can parasitize tree roots and transmit disease
Gravitational Water Correct Ans - The water that drains through macropores under the force of gravity. Field capacity Correct Ans - The maximum amount of water held by soil particles once gravitational water drains away
Wilting point Correct Ans - minimal point of soil moisture the plant requires not to wilt
Infiltration rate Correct Ans - speed at which water soaks into the soil
Soil Structure Correct Ans - How the particles that make up a soil are organized and clumped together.
Leaching Correct Ans - removal of dissolved materials from soil by water moving downwards through soil.
Wall 1 Correct Ans - Limits vertical spread of decay
Wall 2 Correct Ans - Limits inward spread of decay
Wall 3 Correct Ans - Limits lateral spread of decay
Wall 4 Correct Ans - New growth ring that forms after injury
Meristems Correct Ans - Plant tissue that remains embryonic as long as the plant lives, allowing for indeterminate growth. Located in shoot tips, root tips, and in the cambium layer.
Apical Dominance Correct Ans - The tendency for terminal buds to inhibit the growth of lateral buds. Vertical growth form.
Branch collar Correct Ans - Formed when the trunk tissues grow around branch tissues, creating a bulge.
Conduction, anchoring, storage, and absorption Correct Ans - The four main functions of the root system
Compartmentalization Of Decay In Trees Correct Ans - CODIT stands for? Excurrent Growth Correct Ans - Trees with upright growth and a strong, central leader
Decurrent Growth Correct Ans - Trees with rounded, horizontal growth. Often broader than tall.
Absorbing roots Correct Ans - These roots are found in upper 12 inches of soil
Auxin Correct Ans - a plant hormone that promotes root formation, bud growth, and cell elongation.
Lenticel Correct Ans - Spaces on the stem used for gas exchange
Adventitious Shoot Correct Ans - Vegetative tissue that develops from newly organized meristems rather than latent buds;
frequently associated with pruning wounds.
Allelopathy Correct Ans - The inhibition of growth of one plant by another, usually through chemical compounds released into the soil environment.
Anthracnose Correct Ans - A fungal disease causing dead areas on leaves, buds, stems, or fruit; commonly caused by
Cryptocline, Disula, Clomerella, and Gnomonia sp.
Bleeding Correct Ans - Flow of sap from wounds and/or other injuries
Bole Correct Ans - The central stem of the tree
Branch Bark Ridge Correct Ans - A ridge of bark in a branch crotch that marks where branch and trunk tissue meet and often
extends down the trunk
Branch Protection Zone Correct Ans - A thin zone of starch-rich tissue at the base of a branch into which chemicals are
deposited to retard the spread of discoloration and decay
