Neuroscience test

1. Professor Seif conducts research on the relationship between the limbic system and sexual motivation. Her research interests best represent the psycholog- ical specialty known as: biolgical psycholo- gy 2. Dendrites are branching extensions of: neurons 3. an axon is the extension of a neuron that carries messages away from the cell body. 4. In transmitting sensory information to the brain, an dendrites to the electrical signal travels from the of a single cell body to the neuron. 5. The speed at which a neural impulse travels is in- creased when the axon is encased by a(n): 6. A brief electrical charge that travels down the axon of a neuron is called the: 7. The part of a neuron that transmits neural messages to other neurons or to muscles or glands is called the 8. The movement of positively charged ions across the membrane of a neuron can produce a(n): 9. The selective permeability of a neural membrane cre- ates a(n): 10. An allornone response pattern is characteristic of the: 11. Resting potential is to action potential as is to . axon myelin sheath. action potential axon action potential resting potential initiation of neural impulses. polarization; depo- larization 12. A synapse is a(n): junction between a sending neuron 13. The chemical messengers released into the spatial junctions between neurons are called: and a receiving neuron. neurotransmitters 14. When the release of ACh is blocked, the result is: muscular paraly- sis. 15. Opiate drugs occupy the same receptor sites as: endorphins 16. The slowdown of neural communication in multiple sclerosis involves a degeneration of the: 17. The spatial junctions where impulses are chemically transmitted from one neuron to another are called: 18. The body's speedy, electrochemical information sys- tem is called the: 19. Information travels from the spinal cord to the brain via: 20. In order for you to be able to run, must relay messages from your central nervous system to your leg muscles. 21. Motor neurons are to the nervous system as interneurons are to the nervous system. 22. The somatic nervous system is a component of the nervous system. 23. An accelerated heartbeat is to a slowed heartbeat as the nervous system is to the nervous system. 24. When Mr. Valdez thought his 1-year-old daughter had fallen down the stairs, his heartbeat accelerated, his blood pressure rose, and he began to perspire heav- myelin sheath synapses nervous system interneurons motor neurons peripheral; central peripheral sympathetic; parasympathetic sympathetic ily. Mr. Valdez's state of arousal was activated by his nervous system. 25. The knee-jerk reflex is controlled by interneurons in the: spinal cord 26. neural networks interconnected clusters of neurons in the central nervous system 27. A football quarterback can simultaneously make cal- culations of receiver distances, player movements, and gravitational forces. This best illustrates the ac- tivity of multiple: neural networks 28. Hormones are the chemical messengers of the endocrine system 29. Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into: the bloodstream 30. Epinephrine and norepinephrine are released by the: adrenal glands 31. Which endocrine gland regulates body growth? pituitary 32. At the age of 22, Mrs. LaBlanc was less than 4 feet tall. pituitary gland Her short stature was probably influenced by the lack of a growth hormone produced by the: 33. Surgical destruction of brain tissue is called a(n): lesion 34. The best way to detect enlarged fluid-filled brain re- gions in some patients who have schizophrenia is to use a(n): 35. The sequence of brain regions from the evolutionarily oldest to newest is MRI brainstem; limbic system; cerebral cortex. 36. corpus callsum If your is destroyed, the left side of your brain could not control the movements of your right hand. 37. The reticular formation is located in the: brainstem 38. Severing a cat's reticular formation from higher brain regions causes the cat to: 39. Your life would be most immediately threatened if you suffered destruction of the 40. Your ability to experience the physical pleasure of a hot shower is most likely to be disrupted by damage to your: 41. After Kato's serious motorcycle accident, doctors de- tected damage to his cerebellum. Kato is most likely to have difficulty: 42. The brain structure that provides a major link be- tween the nervous system and the endocrine system is the: 43. Olds and Milner located reward centers in the brain structure known as the: 44. Your conscious awareness of your own name and self-identity depends primarily on the normal func- tioning of your: 45. The surgical removal of a large tumor from Dane's oc- cipital lobe resulted in extensive loss of brain tissue. Dane is most likely to suffer some loss of: 46. The occipital lobes are to as the temporal lobes are to . 47. The parietal lobes are to as the occipital lobes are to . lapse into a coma medulla thalamus playing his guitar hypothalamus hypothalamus cerebral cortex occipital lobe seeing; hearing sensing touch; seeing 48. An area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements is called the: 49. Direct stimulation of the motor cortex would be most likely to result in: motor cortex movement of mouth and lips 50. The sensory cortex is most critical for our sense of: touch 51. The most extensive regions of the brain, which enable learning and memory, are called the: association areas 52. The association areas are located in the: cerebral cortex 53. The region of your cerebral cortex that enables you to recognize a person as your own mother is: 54. After he suffered a stroke, Mr. Santore's physical coordination skills and responsiveness to sensory stimulation quickly returned to normal. Unfortunately, however, he began to experience unusual difficulty figuring out how to find his way to various locations in his neighborhood. It is most likely that Mr. Santore suffered damage to his: 55. The part of the cerebral cortex that directs the muscle movements involved in speech is known as: 56. The capacity of one brain area to take over the func- tions of another damaged brain area is known as brain: 57. A person whose hand had been amputated actual- ly felt sensations on his nonexistent fingers when his face was stroked. This best illustrates the conse- quences of: 58. The benefits of brain plasticity are most clearly demonstrated in: association area associtation area Brocas area plasticity brain plasticity children who have had a cerebral hemisphere surgi- cally removed. 59. Deaf people whose native language is sign best illus- trates: 60. Neurosurgeons have severed the corpus callosum in human patients in order to reduce: 61. Split-brain patients have had their surgical- ly cut. 62. A picture of a cat is briefly flashed in the left visual field and a picture of a mouse is briefly flashed in the right visual field of a splitbrain patient. The individual will be able to use her: 63. In a recent car accident, Tamiko sustained damage to his right cerebral hemisphere. This injury is most likely to reduce Tamiko's ability to: 64. In order to trigger a person's hand to make a fist, José Delgado stimulated the individual's: 65. Addictive drug cravings are likely to be associated with reward centers in the: 66. Which brain structure relays information from the eyes to the visual cortex? 67. The medulla is to the control of as the cerebellum is to the control of . 68. Which region of your brainstem plays a role in arous- ing you to a state of alertness when someone nearby mentions your name? 69. The concentration of glucose in active regions of the brain underlies the usefulness of a(n): 70. If a professor accused you of cheating on a test, your adrenal glands would probably release into your bloodstream. plasticity epileptic seizures. corpus callosum right hand to in- dicate she saw a mouse facially express emotion motor cortex limbis system thalamus breathing; walking reticular formation PET scan epinephrine 71. The ovaries in females and the testes in males are part of the: 72. Information is most quickly transmitted from one cerebral hemisphere to the other by the: endocrine system corpus callosum 73. Research on left-handedness suggests that: genes or prenatal factors play a role in handedness. 74. When Stoyka was a child, a brain disease required the surgical removal of her left cerebral hemisphere. Stoyka is now a successful college student who lives a normal life. Her success best illustrates the impor- tance of: 75. The process of anticipating that you will be punished for misbehaving takes place within the: 76. Dr. Santaniello conducts basic research on how chil- dren's moral thinking changes as they grow older. It is most likely that Dr. Santaniello is a(n) psychologist. 77. The difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution is the: plasticty association areas developmental range 78. replication involves repeating an earli- er research study. 79. Contemporary psychology is best defined as the sci- entific study of: 80. In order to study the development of relationships, Dr. Rajiv carefully observed and recorded patterns of verbal and nonverbal behaviors among men and women in singles bars. Which research method did Dr. Rajiv employ? behavior and mental processes naturalistic obser- vation 81. Which perspective would focus on the extent to which different styles of parenting are encouraged among various ethnic communities? 82. Psychologists who carefully watch the behavior of chimpanzee societies in the jungle are using a re- search method known as: 83. Evelyn wants to know how consistent her bowling scores have been during the past season. Which of the following measures would be most relevant to this specific concern? 84. The arithmetic average of a distribution of scores is the: 85. Dr. Robinson conducts basic research on the re- lationship between brain chemistry and intellectual functioning. Which psychological specialty does Dr. Robinson's research best represent? 86. When Mr. Adams calculated his students' algebra test scores, he noticed that two students had extremely low scores. Which measure of central tendency is affected most by the scores of these two students? 87. A specification of how a researcher measures a re- search variable is known as a(n): 88. The inheritance of behavioral characteristics was em- phasized by: 89. Who used the method of introspection to scientifical- ly identify basic elements of mind? 90. Random sampling is to as random assign- ment is to . 91. If psychologists discovered that wealthy people are less satisfied with their marriages than poor people social-cultural naturalistic oberservation mean mean biological psychol- ogy mean operational defin- tion ... Titchener surveys; experi- ments negatively corre- lated are, this would indicate that wealth and marital satis- faction are: 92. Socrates, Plato, and Descartes believed that: mind and body are distinct and seper- able 93. In order to exercise maximum control over the factors experimentation they are interested in studying, researchers engage in: 94. According to Emily's grandfather, Adolf Hitler's obvi- ous emotional instability made it clear from the begin- ning days of his international conflicts that Germany would inevitably lose World War II. The grandfather's claim best illustrates: 95. When you read a bar graph, it is most important for you to: 96. Research participants who carefully observe and re- port their immediate reactions and feelings in re- sponse to different musical sounds are using the method known as: 97. In order to learn about the political attitudes of all students enrolled at Arizona State University, Profes- sor Marlow randomly selected 800 of these students to complete a questionnaire. In this instance, all the students enrolled at Arizona State University are con- sidered to be a(n): 98. Professor Crisman believes that most women pre- fer tall and physically strong partners because this preference enhanced the survival of our ancestors' genes. This viewpoint best illustrates the perspective. the hindsight bias note the range and size of the scale values. introspection population evolutionary 99. behavioral Natassia believes that boys learn to be more aggres- sive than girls primarily because boys are more fre- quently exposed to external pressures to fight. Natas- sia's belief most directly exemplifies the perspective. 100. An extensive survey revealed that children with rela- tively high self-esteem tend to picture God as kind and loving, whereas those with lower self-esteem tend to perceive God as angry. The researchers con- cluded that the children's self-esteem had apparently influenced their views of God. This conclusion best illustrates the danger of: assuming that cor- relation proves causation.