HDEV 4th Canadian Edition by Spencer & Laura Berk |TEST BANK - All Chapters 1-19.

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Chap 01_HDEV_4ce

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
1. John Locke said children begin life without natural predispositions.
a. True
b. False

2. Independent variables are manipulated by the experimenter.
a. True
b. False

3. Negative reinforcement will decrease a desired behaviour when removed.
a. True
b. False

4. Subjects rarely drop out of long-term longitudinal research.
a. True
b. False

5. A control group in an experiment receives the experimental treatment.
a. True
b. False

6. Surveys may be impacted by the interpretation of the person analyzing the results.
a. True
b. False

7. Researchers have found no difference between adolescent and adult performance on intellectual tasks.
a. True
b. False

8. Correlational studies prove causal relationships between variables.
a. True
b. False

9. Gender is considered an aspect of diversity.
a. True
b. False

10. John Watson, founder of American behaviourism, believed that children were born with all they needed to know
for life.
a. True
b. False

11. With accommodation, new schemas may be created.
a. True
b. False

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Chap 01_HDEV_4ce

12. According to Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, the chronosystem involves changes over time.
a. True
b. False

13. Dependent variables are measured results in an experiment.
a. True
b. False

14. Punishments such as slapping are considered less effective than types of discipline that provide alternative,
acceptable behaviours.
a. True
b. False

15. Teachers who follow Piaget’s cognitive-developmental theory provide children with opportunities to experiment
with their environment.
a. True
b. False

16. Random assignment in an experiment reduces the likelihood that a selection factor determines the outcome.
a. True
b. False

17. John Locke’s conception of children (i.e., as a tabula rasa) was as passive recipients of actions from the
environment.
a. True
b. False

18. A child's peer group can be considered an exosystem.
a. True
b. False

19. Erikson's theory is completely dissimilar to Freud's.
a. True
b. False

20. Erikson’s psychosocial theory emphasizes the responsibility of the ego.
a. True
b. False

21. According to Freudian psychosexual theory, children develop significant sexual attachments to the same-sex
parent during the genital stage.
a. True
b. False




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Chap 01_HDEV_4ce

22. Longitudinal research studies the same individuals over time.
a. True
b. False

23. All people are born with the same capacities and same opportunities in life, making the study of diversity
irrelevant.
a. True
b. False

24. According to Freud, becoming “fixated” in a stage of psychosexual development is a result of receiving too little
or too much gratification during that stage.
a. True
b. False

25. Case studies involve large numbers of subjects each being studied at once.
a. True
b. False

26. Freud believed that insufficient or excessive gratification in a stage of development would lead to developmental
problems.
a. True
b. False

27. Jean-Jacques Rousseau stated that children were born inherently mischievous.
a. True
b. False

28. Experiments are used to test hypotheses.
a. True
b. False

29. Alfred Binet developed the first intelligence test to identify which children may fall behind in school.
a. True
b. False

30. Naturalistic observation can be used to study athletes from different sports.
a. True
b. False

31. According to ethologists, fixed action patterns are learned behaviours.
a. True
b. False

32. Researchers rarely concern themselves about ethical considerations when designing an experiment.
a. True
b. False

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