Unit 4C Applied Science complete
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Najah Bendriss BTEC Applied Science Chemistry Unit 4C
Unit 4C: Making a headache tablet.
P6: The industrial manufacture and testing of an organic solid.
Industrially manufactured aspirin tablets are produced in batches according to their dosage.
After all the required ingredients are carefully weighed, they are mixed and compressed into
granular mixture units called slugs. To remove air and lumps the slugs are filtered and
compresses into single tablets. Factors such as the size of the batch, the dosage amount,
and the type of tablet machine used all determine the number of tablets produced.
Throughout manufacturing each batch is documented and tablets that are complete are
sent through many test before being packaged and distributed. The stages for industrial
manufacturing of aspirin includes weighing, mixing, dry screening, compression, testing and
finally bottling and packaging.
P5: Preparation and testing of an organic solid.
Aim: To prepare a sample of aspirin.
Introduction: aspirin is made by reacting ethanoic acid with 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, with the
first step being the preparation of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid and the second step being the
conversion of 2-hyrdoxybenzoic acid into aspirin using ethanoic anhydride.
Risk assessment:
RISK ASSESSMENT FORM
Name of assessor: Henriette Akinola
Activity: Preparation of aspirin
Hazards:
Condenser, round-bottomed flask, flask, glass rod, hotplate, concentrated sulphuric acid,
ethanol, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, ethanoic anhydride.
Risks:
Risks of using glassware during experiments include possible breakages which could lead
to someone getting cut. The hotplate is a heavy piece of equipment and if dropped
could have caused injury, when the hotplate is turned on there is a risk of that someone
could get burnt if their skin comes into contact with the plate. Concentrated sulphuric
acid is corrosive and cause severe burns to eyes, skin, etc. Ethanol is a highly flammable
liquid and can cause skin
irritation. 2-hydroxybenzoic acid causes respiratory tract irritation is harmful if absorbed
through the skin. Ethanoic anhydride causing irritation to the nose, throat and mouth,
high concentration can lead to severe lung damage.
Training:
The organisation in charge trains our teachers to train us.
Those at risk:
The students and the teacher, as we were all in close contact with the hazards.
1
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Najah Bendriss BTEC Applied Science Chemistry Unit 4C
Control measures/ safety precautions: We all ensured that we were careful when
handling the glass equipment and when using the hotplate. We used a pipette to transfer
the concentrated sulphuric acid to the mixture, minimising the possibility of contact with
our skin. We wore safety goggles to prevent eye irritation from the chemicals,
(concentrated sulphuric acid, ethanol, ethanoic acid, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid. We wore lab
coats to protect ourselves from possible spillages of harmful substances e.g. 2-
hydroxybenzoic acid, which is harmful if absorbed through the skin. We kept the
chemicals in a fume cupboard to minimise the effects e.g. ethanoic anhydride which
causes irritation to the nose, throat, mouth, etc.
Signature of assessor:
Apparatus:
5.0g dry 2-hydroxybenzoic acid
Round bottomed flask
7cm3 ethanoic anhydride
Concentrated sulphuric acid
Air condenser
Hotplate
Distilled water
Glass rod
100cm3 flask
15cm3 ethanol
Thermometer
Pipette
Vacuum filtration pump
Filter paper
Method:
I placed 5.0g of dry 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) in a 100cm 3 round
bottomed flask.
I added 7cm3 of ethanoic anhydride, and with extreme caution added three drops of
concentrated sulphuric acid.
I fitted an air condenser. I swirled the contents of the flask to mix the reagents and
then warmed to 50-60oC for approximately 15 minutes using a hotplate turned to 50
heat and 6 stir.
I cooled the flask under running cold water and removed the air condenser.
I added 75cm3 of distilled water, stirred with a glass rod and collected the solid which
had separated by vacuum filtration.
I recrystallised by transferring the crude product to a clean 100cm 3 flask and added
15cm3 of ethanol followed by 45cm3 of distilled water. I fitted an air condenser and
warmed gently with a Bunsen burner until all the solid had dissolved.
2
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assignment
written by
najbo123
www.stuvia.com
Downloaded by: najbo123 | Want to earn £756
Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?
, Stuvia.co.uk - The Marketplace for Revision Notes & Study Guides
Najah Bendriss BTEC Applied Science Chemistry Unit 4C
Unit 4C: Making a headache tablet.
P6: The industrial manufacture and testing of an organic solid.
Industrially manufactured aspirin tablets are produced in batches according to their dosage.
After all the required ingredients are carefully weighed, they are mixed and compressed into
granular mixture units called slugs. To remove air and lumps the slugs are filtered and
compresses into single tablets. Factors such as the size of the batch, the dosage amount,
and the type of tablet machine used all determine the number of tablets produced.
Throughout manufacturing each batch is documented and tablets that are complete are
sent through many test before being packaged and distributed. The stages for industrial
manufacturing of aspirin includes weighing, mixing, dry screening, compression, testing and
finally bottling and packaging.
P5: Preparation and testing of an organic solid.
Aim: To prepare a sample of aspirin.
Introduction: aspirin is made by reacting ethanoic acid with 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, with the
first step being the preparation of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid and the second step being the
conversion of 2-hyrdoxybenzoic acid into aspirin using ethanoic anhydride.
Risk assessment:
RISK ASSESSMENT FORM
Name of assessor: Henriette Akinola
Activity: Preparation of aspirin
Hazards:
Condenser, round-bottomed flask, flask, glass rod, hotplate, concentrated sulphuric acid,
ethanol, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, ethanoic anhydride.
Risks:
Risks of using glassware during experiments include possible breakages which could lead
to someone getting cut. The hotplate is a heavy piece of equipment and if dropped
could have caused injury, when the hotplate is turned on there is a risk of that someone
could get burnt if their skin comes into contact with the plate. Concentrated sulphuric
acid is corrosive and cause severe burns to eyes, skin, etc. Ethanol is a highly flammable
liquid and can cause skin
irritation. 2-hydroxybenzoic acid causes respiratory tract irritation is harmful if absorbed
through the skin. Ethanoic anhydride causing irritation to the nose, throat and mouth,
high concentration can lead to severe lung damage.
Training:
The organisation in charge trains our teachers to train us.
Those at risk:
The students and the teacher, as we were all in close contact with the hazards.
1
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Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?
, Stuvia.co.uk - The Marketplace for Revision Notes & Study Guides
Najah Bendriss BTEC Applied Science Chemistry Unit 4C
Control measures/ safety precautions: We all ensured that we were careful when
handling the glass equipment and when using the hotplate. We used a pipette to transfer
the concentrated sulphuric acid to the mixture, minimising the possibility of contact with
our skin. We wore safety goggles to prevent eye irritation from the chemicals,
(concentrated sulphuric acid, ethanol, ethanoic acid, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid. We wore lab
coats to protect ourselves from possible spillages of harmful substances e.g. 2-
hydroxybenzoic acid, which is harmful if absorbed through the skin. We kept the
chemicals in a fume cupboard to minimise the effects e.g. ethanoic anhydride which
causes irritation to the nose, throat, mouth, etc.
Signature of assessor:
Apparatus:
5.0g dry 2-hydroxybenzoic acid
Round bottomed flask
7cm3 ethanoic anhydride
Concentrated sulphuric acid
Air condenser
Hotplate
Distilled water
Glass rod
100cm3 flask
15cm3 ethanol
Thermometer
Pipette
Vacuum filtration pump
Filter paper
Method:
I placed 5.0g of dry 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) in a 100cm 3 round
bottomed flask.
I added 7cm3 of ethanoic anhydride, and with extreme caution added three drops of
concentrated sulphuric acid.
I fitted an air condenser. I swirled the contents of the flask to mix the reagents and
then warmed to 50-60oC for approximately 15 minutes using a hotplate turned to 50
heat and 6 stir.
I cooled the flask under running cold water and removed the air condenser.
I added 75cm3 of distilled water, stirred with a glass rod and collected the solid which
had separated by vacuum filtration.
I recrystallised by transferring the crude product to a clean 100cm 3 flask and added
15cm3 of ethanol followed by 45cm3 of distilled water. I fitted an air condenser and
warmed gently with a Bunsen burner until all the solid had dissolved.
2
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