PHI 103 Week 2 Quiz 2nd Attempt

PHI 103 Week 2 Quiz 2nd Attempt Question 1 “All bumblebees are smooglewumps” is which type of statement? Correct! universal affirmative universal negative particular affirmative particular negative none of these Question 2 “No cats are dogs. Some cats are mammals. Therefore, some dogs are mammals.” This argument is __________. a mathematical argument an inductive argument a categorical argument an argument by definition Question 3 Identify the form of the following argument. If the Honda plant increases production, then we will need to hire more workers. If we need to hire more workers, then we need to revise the budget. Therefore, if the Honda plant increases production, then we need to revise the budget. modus ponens modus tollens disjunctive syllogism hypothetical syllogism not a valid form Question 4 What point does the video “What is a Deductive Argument?” make about the relationship between whether an argument is deductive and whether it is valid? all deductive arguments are necessarily valid an argument is deductive if the person giving it is intending for it to be valid no arguments are truly valid because all conclusions could conceivably be false valid arguments are intended to be inductive arguments Question 5 In logic, arguments are best described as __________. requiring someone to win and someone to lose providing reasons for a conclusion a dispute involving anger a debate over something no one believes none of these Question 6 Identify the form of the following argument. If you stand up at your desk at work, you have a 50% less chance of having a heart attack. Bob does not have a 50% less chance of having a heart attack. Therefore, Bob does not stand up at his desk at work. modus ponens modus tollens disjunctive syllogism hypothetical syllogism not a valid form Question 7 “Some dogs are not brown” is which type of statement? universal affirmative universal negative particular affirmative Correct! particular negative Question 8 Identify the form of the following argument. If we do not pay our student loans, then our credit score will be ruined. We will not pay our loans. Therefore, our credit score is going to be ruined. Correct! modus ponens modus tollens disjunctive syllogism hypothetical syllogism not a valid form Question 9 Which of the following is NOT one of the correct descriptions of what it means for an argument to valid? if all of the premises are true then the conclusion cannot be false the reasoning is correct and all of the premises are in fact true that it is logically impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion false the truth of the premises guarantees the truth of the conclusion Question 10 A categorical statement is one that _____________. Correct! makes a statement about two categories. is a statement of propositional logic is part of a valid argument is always true Question 11 What is the contrapositive of the statement “All sunsets are beautiful things”? Correct! All non-beautiful things are non-sunsets. All non-sunsets are not non-beautiful All beautiful things are non-sunsets. No beautiful things are sunsets. none of these Question 12 Which of the following must be true for “P or Q” to be true? P and Q are both true. Neither P nor Q is true. Exactly one of P and Q is true. Correct! At least one of P and Q is true. At most one of P and Q is true. Question 13 If an argument form is valid, which of the following must be true? Correct! all of its instances are valid. all of its instances are sound. some of its instances may be invalid. argument forms can’t be valid the argument form is propositional Question 14 In logic, which of the following is NOT true of all deductive arguments? Correct! they reason from general to particulars they can be valid or invalid if they are valid, it is impossible to have true premises and a false conclusion if they are invalid, it is possible to have true premises and a false conclusion none of these Question 15 Which of the following must be true for “P if and only if Q” to be true? P and Q are both true. P and Q are both true or both false. Exactly one of P and Q is true. P is not true while Q is false. At most one of P and Q is true. Question 16 Identify the form of the following argument. We either implement the new advertising campaign or we will risk losing out on this market. We will not implement the advertising campaign. Therefore, we will risk losing out on this market. modus ponens modus tollens disjunctive syllogism hypothetical syllogism not a valid form Question 17 A biconditional is __________. an “and” statement an “if–then” statement an “or” statement an “if and only if” statement none of these Question 18 Identify the form of the following argument. If the media is biased, then consumers will be in danger of not being presented all the facts. The media is biased. Therefore, consumers will be in danger of not being presented all the facts. Correct! modus ponens modus tollens disjunctive syllogism hypothetical syllogism not a valid form Question 19 How do we know that the conclusion of a sound argument is true? we don’t, some sound arguments have false conclusions it is highly probable if the argument is strong enough the fact that it is true follows from the definition of soundness it is part of the definition of soundness Question 20 In logic, the word “some” means _________________. Correct! at least one. two or more less than several part of a whole the word “some” is not used in logic.