G150/PHA1500 EXPLORATION ASSIGNMENT ALREADY GRADED A+

G150/PHA1500 EXPLORATION ASSIGNMENT Everybody's bones get weaker as they get older Osteoporosis affects men and women of all races. But white and Asian women — especially older women who are past menopause are at highest risk osteoporosis can be present without any symptoms for decades because osteoporosis doesn't cause symptoms until bone breaks (fractures). Moreover, some osteoporotic fractures may escape detection for years when they do not cause symptoms. Therefore, patients may not be aware of their osteoporosis until they suffer a painful fracture. But certain choices and habits accelerate the process. They include: not getting enough calcium and vitamin D, Smoking, drinking too much alcohol using certain medications, such as corticosteroids and anticonvulsants, not getting enough weight-bearing exercise (at least 30 minutes on most days). So If your feet touch the ground during an exercise, then it's probably weight bearing. Running and walking are weight bearing. Bone mass (bone density) decreases after 35 years of age, and bone loss occurs more rapidly in women after menopause. . So the way to diagnosis osteoporosis can be suggested by X-rays and confirmed by tests to measure bone density You are much more likely to have a hunched back also swayback Osteoporotic bone fractures are responsible for considerable pain, decreased quality of life, lost workdays, and disability. Elderly patients can develop pneumonia and blood clots in the leg veins that can travel to the lungs (pulmonary embolism) due to prolonged bed rest after the hip fracture. Fragility fractures occur most commonly in the spine, hip, and wrist. They may also occur in the arm, pelvis, ribs and other bones. Osteoporotic fractures are defined as fractures associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) and include clinical spine, forearm, hip and shoulder fractures. only 30% of patients fully recover/ In addition, once a person has experienced a spine fracture due to osteoporosis, he or she is at very high risk of suffering another such fracture in the near future (next few years). About 20% of postmenopausal women who experience a vertebral fracture will suffer a new vertebral fracture of bone in the following year. Having researched more I came across what is called Secondary osteoporosis And secondary osteoporosis accounts for 5% of osteoporosis in women and about 20% in men. The causes of Secondary Osteoporosis may also further accelerate bone loss and increase fracture risk in patients with primary osteoporosis. Patients with chronic kidney disease may have several reasons for low bone mass, including secondary hyperparathyroidism, elevated serum phosphate, calcitriol deficiency, abnormalities of serum calcium and and low-turnover bone disorders. Cancer, COPD, Chronic kidney disease, drugs, endocrine disease Immobilization, Liver disease, prolonged weightlessness (as occurs in space flight) Rheumatoid arthritis just to name a few of the conditions that leads to rapid secondary osteoporosis So all together there are 4 main stages of osteoporosis Stage 1 occurs around age 30 to 35, when the breakdown of bone occurs at the same rate the body builds bone. It has no visible symptoms. Stage 2 occurs usually after age 35, when the breakdown of bone happens at a faster pace than the body builds bone. It also has no visible symptoms, but it can be detected through bone-density tests. Stage 3 occurs usually after ages 45 to 55. During this stage, bones become so thin that they break from stress that they normally could withstand. Most cases of osteoporosis are diagnosed during this stage. Stage 4 occurs as bone fractures continue, pain increases, and disability appears. Deformities in the spine and other areas may become more obvious. There may be difficulty moving and doing daily activities. Fortunately, this stage is becoming less common because of the treatment available to prevent future fractures. If you are in Stage 3 or 4, consider some basic safety guidelines: Go slowly since falls often occur when you hurry. Think before you move; carelessness can result in falls. Make your environment safe--keep walking areas cleared of objects, make sure rugs are secure, install grab bars in showers (also non-skid mat) and near toilets, place items frequently used on accessible shelves. Consider the indoor/outdoor home as well as work environment. Your eating habits, as you have seen from risk factor management, feature prominently in prevention and management of osteoporosis. It is important to limit consumption of alcohol, caffeine and soft drinks containing high levels of phosphate. If any of these is a problem for you, try the following: • Alcohol: Limit your alcoholic beverages to beer and wine; have distilled liquor only on special occasions, etc. • Caffeine: Drink fewer than two cups of 'real' coffee and caffeinated soft drinks each day; brew half caf/half decaf coffee; switch to decaf coffee; try herbal teas. • High-phosphate soft drinks: Read labels to avoid soft drinks containing phosphates; switch to flavored no-cal sparkling waters; drink more water. All together is is very important to follow a very strict and health lifestyle to increase longevity in life. And Your positive mental attitude will go a long way in making you a successful exerciser at any age or stage! References: Genomics, family history and osteoporosis. (2014, May). Sunyecz, J. (2008, August). The use of calcium and vitamin D in the management of osteoporosis. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management, 4(4), 827-836. What is osteoporosis? (2016).