Milady Comprehensive Exam With Complete Solution

exam milady What is the purpose of regulatory agencies? - regulate the practice of cosmo what is a contagious disease? - a disease that is spread from one person to another what are the 6 precautions to take when using disinfectants? - wear gloves, wear glasses, dilute product per manufacturers guidelines, remain submerged 10 minutes, change disinfectant per manufacturers label and use only on pre-cleaned surfaces. How do you know if an item can be disinfected? - if it's a multiuse item it can be. if it's a single use item it can't. What are standard precautions? - A set of guidelines published by cdc What is an exposure incident? - contact with non intact or broken skin, blood, bodily fluid or other potentially infectious materials that is the result of the performance of an employees duties. What is the procedure for handling an exposure incident in the salon. - Stop service. Put on gloves. Apply pressure to the area with a clean cotton ball or gauze. once the bleeding has stopped, clean the area with an antiseptic wipe. Bandage the cut. Clean and disinfect the work stations. Discard all single use items. Clean and disinfect all multi use items. Remove gloves and wash hands. List the steps for cleansing and disinfecting whirl pool spas and airjet basins after each client. - put on gloves. scrub all visible residue from basin walls with a disinfectant brush with a handle. Rinse basin. rill basin with warm water and disinfectant and run jets for 10 minutes. Drain and rinse with clean warm water. what is the primary purpose of regulatory agencies? - regulate the practice of cosmo what is and sds? where can you get these? - safety data sheet; contain 16 categories of info. medical facility. is HIV a risk in the salon? why or why not? - yes because it is bloodborne. what is the diff between cleaning, disinfecting, and sterilizing? - cleaning: using soap and water removes surface dirt disinfecting: destroys most harmful organisms sterilizing: destroying all micro organisms what is complete immersion? - When there is enough liquid in the container that all surfaces are covered when an item is submerged. can porous items be disinfected - no it is single use define dermatology - Medical branch of science that deals with the study of skin and its nature, structure, functions, diseases, and treatment. Briefly describe healthy skin. - Health skin should be free of any visible signs of disease, infection or injury. Slightly moist, soft, & flexible. Smooth, fine-grained texture. Slightly acidic. Name the two main divisions of the skin & the layers within each division. - 1) EpidermisOutermost and thinnest layer of the skin; it is made up of five layers: stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum germinativum. 2) Dermis (Derma, Corium, Cutis, True Skin)Also known as derma, corium, cutis, or true skin; underlying or inner layer of the skin. List the three types of nerve fibers found in the skin. - 1) Motor Nerve Fibers2) Sensory Nerve Fibers3) Secretory Nerve Fibers Can the skin be nourished with cosmetic products? - No, it must must have nourishment from foods that we eat. What are collagen & elastin? - Collagen Fibrous protein that gives the skin form and strength.Elastin Protein base similar to collagen that forms elastic tissue. Explain how collagen & elastin can be weakened. - Age, lack of moisture, environmental damage such as UV light, frequent changes in weight gravity Name two types of glands contained within the skin & describe their functions. - 1) Sudoriferous Glands (Sweat Glands)Also known as sweat glands; excrete perspiration and detoxify the body by excreting excess salt and unwanted chemicals. 2)Sebaceous Glands (Oil Glands)Also known as oil glands; glands connected to hair follicles. Sebum is the fatty or oily secretion of the sebaceous glands What are the six important functions of the skin? - 1) protection2) sensation3)heat regulation4)excretion5) secretion6) absorption What are the six classes of nutrients that the body needs & how are they obtained? - A.1) carbohydrates2) vitamins3) fats4) proteins5) minerals6) waterB.They are obtained through the eating & drinking 11. What are the five basic food groups? - 1) grains2) milk3) vegetables4) meat, poultry, fish, & beans5) fruits Name four vitamins that can help the skin & describe how they help. - ) Vitamin ASupports the overall health of the skin; aids in the health, function, and repair of skin cells; has been shown to improve the skin's elasticity and thickness. 2) Vitamin CAn important substance needed for proper repair of the skin and tissues; promotes the production of collagen in the skin's dermal tissues; aids in and promotes the skin's healing process. 3) Vitamin DEnables the body to properly absorb and use calcium, the element needed for proper bone development and maintenance. Vitamin D also promotes rapid healing of the skin. 4) Vitamin EHelps protect the skin from the harmful effects of the sun's UV light. What is the one essential item that no person can live without? Why is it essential to the skin & body? - A.Water B.Because it sustains the health of the cells, assists with the elimination of toxins & waste, helps regulate the body's temperature and AIDS in proper digestion. Name and describe at 5 disorders of the sebaceous glands - closed comedo (whitehead), Milia are benign, keratin-filled cysts that appear just under the epidermis and have no visible points,Sebaceous cyst is a large protruding pocket like lesion filled with sebum, Seborrheic dermatitis is a skin condition caused by an inflammation of the sebaceous glands, and Rosacea formly called acne rosacea, is a chronic condition that appears primarily on the cheeks and nose name and describe at least 5 changes in skin pigmentation - Hyperpigmentation darker than normal pigmentation, appearing as dark splotches,Hypopigmentation the absence of pigment, resulting in light or white splotches,Chloasma also know as liver spots, a condition characterized by hyperpigmentation on the skin in spots that are not elevated.,Lentigines technical term for freckles, small yellow colored to brown colored spots on skin exposed to sunlight and air,and Vitiligo a hereditary condition that causes hypopigmented spots and splotches on the skin that may be related to thyroid conditions what are three forms of skin cancer - Basal cell carcinoma the most common and the least severe type of skin cancer, characterized by light or pearly nodules.Squamous cell carcinoma more serious than basal cell carcinoma and often is characterized by scaly red papules or nodules.Malignant melanoma which is often characterized by black or dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged or raised. It's the least common and most dangerous form of skin cancer what are two major causes of acne and how should they be effectively treated - Two Causes for acne Heredity and hormonesTreatment for acne The use of cleansers, exfoliants, avoidance of fatty skin care and cosmetic products List the factors that contribute to the aging of the skin - Exposure to the sun, smoking, overuse of alcoholic beverages, illegal drugs, stress, poor nutrition and exposure to pollution. explain the skin effects of overexposure to the sun - UVA rays also known as aging rays weaken collagen and elastin fibers causing wrinkling and sagging of the tissues.UVB rays also know as burning rays cause sunburns, tanning of the skin and skin cancer these are shorter rays that stop penetration at the base of the epidermis what is contact dermatitis and how can it be prevented - An inflammation of the skin caused by having contact with certain chemicals or substances.Prevention: Use gloves or utensils when working with irritating chemicals define a primary lesion and list 3 types? - diff color then the color of the skin bulla macule nodule define a 2nd dary skin lesion and list 3 types - piles of material of the skin surface crust exconviation fissure Name and describe the five main structures of the hair root. - Hair follicle, tube-like depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that contains the hair root. Hair bulb, lowest part of the hair strand. Dermal papilla, small, cone shaped elevation located at the base of the hair follicle that fits into the hair bulb. The arrector pili muscle is the small, involuntary muscle in the base of the hair follicle. Sebaceous glands are the oil glands in the skin that are connected to the hair follicles. Name and describe the three layers of the hair shaft. - Hair cuticle, is the outermost layer of the hair. The cortex is the middle layer of the hair. The medulla is the innermost layer of the hair and is composed of round cells. Explain the process of keratinization. - Newly formed cells mature, they fill up with a fibrous protein called keratin. The hair shaft that emerges is a nonliving fiber composed of keratinized protein. What are polypeptide chains? - A long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. List and describe the three types of side bonds. Indicate whether the are strong or weak and why. - Hydrogen bonds, weak bond broken by water or heat. Salt bond, weak bond broken by strong alkaline or acidic solution. Disulfide bond, strong, broken by permanent waves and chemical hair relaxers that alter the shape of hair.