NCE/LPC Exam Study Guide.

Ego's need for immediate gratification. - ans Pleasure Principle The cause or ____________of abnormal behavior is difficult to determine in most cases. - ans Etiology An individual who is happy,autonomous, & creative has reached ______________. - ans Self-actualization This is necessary from parents for children to develop healthy concepts. (Rogers) - ans Unconditional Positive Regard Accomplished by rewarding success of desired behavior. - ans Shaping Learning method involving the conditioning of new stimuli to existing responses. - ans Classical Conditioning A behavior modification used to establish new behavior. - ans reinforcement The designations "common," "personal," & "cardinal" refer to ______________. - ans Trait Theory Individuals are in an interactional relationship with their environment. - ans contextual worldview Freud believed human behavior is mainly motivated by the psychosexual energy called __________. - ans libido Relearning by using a particular stimulus to establish a new, more adaptive response - ans counter conditioning Idea that there are many different ways to interpret events, each one leading to different behaviors. - ans Kelly's concept of Constructive Alternativism A severe psychological disorder involving loss of contact with reality. - ans Psychosis Process of development and body change resulting from heredity rather than learning. - ans Maturation Vicarious conditioning occurs through observed________. - ans modeling The unpleasantness of _________motivates individuals to avoid or reduce inconsistencies in cognitive structure. - ans cognitive dissonance