NURSING 2502 MDC3 Final Study Guide

NURSING 2502 MDC3 Final Study Guide • Left Sided Heart Failure (left side: backs up into the lungs) Left atrium, Left ventricle, mitral valve, or aortic valve o Ejection fraction needed to dx LHF 40 o Causes: HTN, Coronary artery disease (CAD), valvular disease o (report 2lb in 1 night or 3-5lb in 1-week weight gain), report sleep sitting up, use pillows to prop themselves up, notify provider is increase swelling, and decreased activity tolerance, med compliance (no skipping Lasik’s) o Signs and symptoms: increased BP and pooling of blood, pink frothy sputum, dyspnea and night, crackles, fatigue, pulmonary congestion, crackles, wheezing o The main goal is to prevent exacerbation in chronic conditions o Diagnosis: Ejection fraction (echocardiogram), Lab: BNP (fluid overload), Chest Xray, ECG o Interventions: Oxygen, position, assess lung sounds, assess VS, cough, and deep breath o Tx: DASH Diet, ▪ Medications: Overall goal is to manage fluid volume and help the heart to control the fluid volume that is there. • Diuretics Enhance selective excretion of various electrolytes & water o Loop: furosemide: monitor potassium and electrolytes, dehydration (monitor daily weight and I&O, skin turgor, MOITOR BP before giving). If IV push give slowly. Adverse effects: Tinnitus (chronic) o Thiazide: monitor potassium, possible supplements o Potassium Sparing- Spironolactone: Monitor POSTASSIUM – This is potassium sparing. • Ace inhibitors (-pril) • Arbs • Beta Blockers (-olol): lowers HR • Digoxin Enhance Contractility, reduce HR, inhibit sodium potassium o Complications: Fluid overload (Pulmonary Edema) • Heart Failure in General o Education: monitor daily weight, stay active, low sodium diet, possible fluid restrictions, Med adherence, avoid NSAID (can lead to sodium and fluid retention) o What labs do you monitor for HF: BNP (if elevated anticipation that diuretic because it is showing that the heart is stressed, and it shows that more fluid is on the heart) o Best tool for dx of HF in general- Echocardiogram. This looks at the blood flow Difference between Left and Right HF: Left backs up into lungs, right backs up into the rest of you. Right side of heart is systemic edema. Left side is pulmonary edema and the left will lead to the right. Know the signs and symptoms of each and the differences between them o What else leads to heart failure in general: HTN, valve disorders, cor pulmonal, smoking, DM, A Fib, MI. o PRIORITY IS ALWAYS YOUR ABC’s. o End stage heart failure, the last treatment would be a transplant. They will also be on the LVAD. Education post-transplant: immunosuppressant (avoid large crows, infection, do not eat raw fish or meat, no fresh flowers hand washing, lab and med adherence, watch for low grade fever), confusion o Hypertension with right sided HF, Hypotension with left sided HF