Clinical Chem Practice Questions COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

Clinical Chem Practice Questions COMPLETE SOLUTIONS Document Content and Description Below Clinical Chem Practice Questions COMPLETE SOLUTIONS in what form is glucose stored in the liver? - glycogen which of the following hormones has the ability to decrease glucose concentration? -glucagon -epinephrine -insulin -thyroxine - insulin which form of diabetes manifest itself later in life and is associated with obesity, physical inactivity, and glycosuria? - type 2 diabetes which of the following is a characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus? -low insulin levels -ketosis often accompanied by hyperglycemia -high frequency of autoab to islet calles -all of the above - all of the above which statement regarding glycosylated hgb (A1c) is true? -it has a sugar attached to the hgb-beta-chain -it is dependent on the time avg blood glucose over the rbc life -levels below 7% indicate adequate regulation for 8-12 weeks prior to sampling -all of the above - all of the abovewhat hormone plays a primary role in controlling the reabsorption of Na in the tubules? -cortisol -cortisone -estriol -aldosterone - aldosterone list 3 post-analytical errors associated with chemistry specimens - the accuracy of the results, reported results not delivered to the physician on time or having instrument malfunctions which of the following blood additives is most useful for serum collection? -polymer barrier -oxalate -EDTA -citrate - polymer barrier (SST) which one of the following electrolytes is the major intracellular cation? -Na -K -Cl -Ca - potassium (K) which of the following is not included in the electrolyte panel? -Na -Ca-K -Cl - Ca electrolyte panel: Na, K, Cl, CO2 (HCO3) which of these electrolytes would be affected the most by hemolysis? -Cl -Na -K -Ca - potassium (K) CO2 is predominately found in blood in the form of -bound CO2 -bicarbonate ions -sodium carbonate -pCO2 - bicarbonate ions (HCO3) sodium fluoride is an excellent preservative for collecting glucose specimens because: -prevents interference with other substances -inhibits glycolysis -enhances chemical rxn -inhibits certain clotting factors - inhibits glycolysis fluoride inhibits enolase in the glycolytic pathwaywhich of the following is not a characteristic of severe hyperglycemia? -polyuria -ketonuria -glycosuria -hypoglucogonemia - hypoglucogonemia??? which test maybe performed to assess the avg plasma glucose level that an individual maintained during a previous 2-3 month period? -plasma glucose -2-hr postprandial glucose -oral glucose tolerance -glyocated hgb - glyocated hgb (A1c) lab tests are performed for a postmenopausal 57 yr old woman as part of an annual physical examination. the pt's random serum glucose is 220 mg/dL, and the A1C is 11%. Based on this information, this pt would most likely be classified as -normal -impaired -having type 1 diabetes -having type 2 diabetes - having type 2 diabetes an increased osmolal gap is most common seen in which of the following? -type 2 diabetes -pancreatitis -presence of toxins such as ethanol and ethylene glycol -liver failure - presence of toxins such as ethanol and ethylene glycolwhich of the following sets of results is consistent with uncompensated metabolic acidosis? -pH 7.25, HCO3 15mmol/L, pCO2 37mmHg -pH 7.30, HCO3 16mmol/L, pCO2 28mmHg -pH 7.45, HCO3 22mmol/L, pCO2 40mmHg -pH7.40, HCO3 25mmol/L, pCO2 40mmHg - pH 7.25, HCO3 15mmol/L, pCO2 37mmHg a pt with emphysema who has fluid accumulation in the alveolar sacs is likely to be in which of the following acid-base clinical states? -resp. alkalosis -resp. acidosis -meta. acidosis -meta. alkalosis - respiratory acidosis which of the following buffer systems is the most important physiological buffer system in the body? -Hgb -protein -phosphate -bicarbonate/carbonic acid - bicarbonate and carbonic acid which of the following hormones involved in Ca regulation acts by decreasing both Ca and Phos? -PTH -calcitonin -vitamin D -cortisol - PTHwhich of the following electrolytes is the chief plasma cation whose function is maintaining pressure? -Cl -K -Na -HCO3 - Na which of the following conditions is associated with hypernatremia? -diabetes insipidus -hypoaldosteronism -diarrhea -acidosis - diabetes insipidus the major extracellular cation is which of the following? -K -Na -Cl -HCO3 - Na hyperparathyroidism is most consistently associated with which of the following? -hypercalcemia -hypercalciuria -hypophosphatemia -metabolic alkalosis - hypercalcemiawhich of the following best represents the reference range for aterial pH? -7.35-7.45 -7.42-7.52 -7.38-7.68 -6.85-7.56 - 7.35-7.45 which of the following contributes the most to the serum total CO2? -pCO2 -HCO3 -carbonium ion - HCO3 a pt's blood gas results are: pH 7.50 pCO2 55 mmHg HCO3 40 mmol/L these results indicate -resp. acidosis -meta. alkalosis -resp. alkalosis -meta. acidosis - metabolic alkalosis pH = alkaline pCO2 = NHCO3 = increased which of the following will shift the O2 dissociation curve to the left? -anemia -hyperthermia -hypercapnia -alkalosis - alkalosis shift to the right: P50 27mmHg, pH 7.2 (acid). decrease O2 affinity, increased 2,3 BPG (unloads O2 to tissues) shift to the left: P50 27mmHg, pH 7.6 (alk), increased O2 affinity, decreased 2,3 BPG (Hgb does not load O2 into tissues) which of the following is the primary mechanism of compensation for metabolic acidosis? -hyperventilation -release of epinephrine -aldosterone release -bicarbonate excretion - hyperventilation causes: kidney disease, renal failure, diabetic ketoacidosis compensation: CO2 expired via hyperventilation, H ions exc