REHS Exam 2023 with complete solution

Which of the following organisms are most resistant to unfavorable environmental conditions and indicate past of possibly intermittent pollution? a. fecal streptococci b. eschericha coli c. aerobacter aerogenes d. clostridium sporulates clostridium sporulates The presence of which of the following is most easily identified by laboratory analysis in water contaminated by feces? a. shigella dysenteriae b. coliform c. entamoeba histolytica d. salmonella typhosa coliform Which of the following disinfecting compounds can be used in full strength for disinfecting? a. perchloron b. calcium hypochlorite c. chlorinated lime d. sodium hypochlorite sodium hypochlorite This substance is the first product of the decomposition of organic matter. its presence in water usually indicates "fresh pollution" of sanitary significance. what is it? a. ammonia b. sugar c. carbon dioxide d. hydrogen sulfide ammonia The presence of which of the following elements in water treatment plant effluent is used as a measure of filtration efficiency? a. copper b. aluminum c. zinc d. lead aluminum Which of the following is not used to disinfect water? a. chlorine b. bromine c. fluorine d. iodine fluorine The presence of which of the following in water would indicate past of possibly intermittent pollution? a. streptococcus fecalis b. escherichia coli c. clostridium perfringens d. enterococci clostridium perfringens Often over 90% of sodium arsenate can be removed by a. filtration b. coagulation c. ion exchange d. all of the above coagulation Reduction of the level of fluorides in drinking water can be accomplished by a. coagulation b. lime softening c. ion exchange d. all of the above all of the above When collecting bacteriological samples that have been chlorinated, what chemical is used to chlorinate the water? a. sodium sulfate b. sodium thiosulfate c. sodium bisulfate d. sodium bisulfite sodium thiosulfate Methylene blue active substance (MBAS) is a test to identify a. hardness of water b. iron in water c. presence of detergents containing phosphates d. presence of coliform in bacteria presence of detergents containing phosphates Which organism is not known as an iron bacterium? a. crenothrix b. giardia lamblia c. ferric chloride d. leptothrix giardia lamblia The final product in biochemical oxidation of ammonia yields; a. nitride b. nitrite c. nitrate d. nitrogen nitrate Which contaminant in water is associated with methemoglobinemia? a. zinc b. lead c. copper d. nitrate nitrate The substance constantly used as a coagulant in water treatment is: a. aluminum sulfate b. calcium sulfate c. potassium chloride d. sodium phosphate aluminum sulfate The disinfecting ability of chlorine is affected most by: a. BOD b. temperature c. hydrogen ion concentration d. dissolved oxygen hydrogen ion concentration Alkalinity exists in three forms, which is not one of these forms? a. bicarbonate b. hydroxide c. carbonate d. hypochlorite hypochlorite Which of the following would not contribute to water hardness? a. calcium sulfate b. magnesium sulfate c. calcium chloride d. sodium chloride sodium chloride Improperly located wells, allowing fecal pollution of the water supply may lead to outbreaks of: a. botulism, leptospirosis, typhus fever, maria b. brucellosis, strep infections, chlorea, yellow fever c. salmonellosis, shigellosis, chlorea, hepatitis d. relapsing fever, histoplasmosis, psittacosis salmonellosis, shigellosis, chlorea, hepatitis Historically in the US, most of the impetus for adequate water treatment came from the need to control: a. infectious hepatitis b. tuberculosis c. malaria d. typhoid typhoid The liquid form of chlorine used for emergency disinfection of small volumes of a. calcium hypochlorite b. sodium hypochlorite c. bromide hypochlorite d. potassium hypochlorite sodium hypochlorite The presumptive evidence of the presence of coliform in the MPN test is: a. the color change in the culture media b. turbidity of the culture broth c. the presence of gas from the fermentation of the media d. metallic sheen of colonies the presence of gas from the fermentation of the media If hard water is softened by the ion exchange method, which one of the following will increase? a. dissolved oxygen b. iron c. p1-1 d. sodium sodium The langelier index is used to determine the point of stability of a. aluminum sulfate b. calcium carbonate c. water pH d. HOCL calcium carbonate The manner in which water moves from place to place, changing from one form to another is called the: a. evaporation cycle b. hydrologic cycle c. precipitation cycle d. evapotranspiration cycle hydrologic cycle Which of the following is not a characteristic of groundwater? a. most bacteria are absent b. evaporation is virtually non-existent c. it is less expensive to treat than surface water d. it is more expensive to access than surface water it is more expensive to access than surface water The amendments of the Safe Drinking Water Act do not cover: a. municipal wells b. county reservoirs c. private wells d. public water systems private wells Degradation of groundwater supplied by human-generated pollutants is generally the result of: a. failure to cover the water supply b. failure to adequately chlorinate the water c. faulty waste disposal practices d. allowing industry exceptions to safe water practices faulty waste disposal practices The primary reason for the decline in the water table in some groundwater dependent areas of the world is: a. over pumping b. lack of permeable aquifers c. high rate of evaporation d. low rates of precipitation over pumping Xeriscape landscaping means: a. using rock as the basis for yard landscapes b. eliminating the use of trees in yards for landscaping c. selecting plants that can thrive on natural precipitation d. using sand as the basis for all landscaping needs selecting plants that can thrive on natural precipitation Chemicals that have been used for pools disinfection include chlorine, chloro-iso-cyanurates, bromine and a. ammonia b. soda ash c. sodium thiosulfate d. iodine iodine The gutters or skimmers receive a minimum of ________ of the total pool water due to the large quantity of organisms and materials which typically float. a. 95% b. 45% c. 60% d. 30% 60% To raise the pH, add a. chlorine b. muriatic acid c. soda ash (sodium carbonate) d. sulfuric acid soda ash (sodium carbonate) A chemical commonly used to improve water clarity is a. alum b. muriatic acid c. hydrogen chloride d. sodium carbonate alum When chlorine is added to water a. one acid is formed b. two acids are formed c. HCl is considered the primary product d. ozone is produced in large quantities one acid is formed Which of the following would not be as likely to be contracted bathing at a beach? a. leptospirosis b. middle ear infection c. spinal meningitis d. all of the above spinal meningitis The causative agent Naegleria fowleri has been linked to which of the following diseases? a. bacterial meningitis b. PAM (primary amoebic meningoencephalitis) c. cholera d. diptheria PAM A seechi disk is used to determine; a. pH b. clarity in recreational waters c. coliform contamination d. heavy metals clarity in recreational waters A chemical used to adjust pool alkalinity is: a. chlorine b. calcium chloride c. sodium bicarbonate d. copper sulfate sodium bicarbonate Which raises the pH of pool water? a. chlorine b. alum c. sodium carbonate d. all sodium carbonate The preferred treatment of algae control is: a. copper sulfate b. superchlorination c. quaternary ammonium d. drain and scrub pool superchlorination Muriatic acid is a wear solution of: a. nitric acid b. sulfuric acid c. acetic acid d. hydrochloric acid hydrochloric acid In which situation would you most likely find PAM? a. river or pond b. geothermal pool c. reservoir d. atlantic ocean reservoir The main drain should have a grate that is _____ the area of the discharge pipe to prevent dangerous suction effects a. 4 times b. 5 times c. 6 times d. 2 times 4 times Toxicity is determined by a laboratory procedure called the a. EPA method 012 b. toxicity characteristic leaching procedure c. method sixteen d. landfill toxicity screening toxicity characteristic leaching procedure The regulatory level for benzene under the RCRA Toxicity Characteristic rule is a. 0.50 mg/l b. 100 mg/kg c. 0.2 mg/l d. 25.0 mg/l 0.50 mg/l The regulatory level for total cresol under the RCRA Toxicity Characteristic rule is a. 600 mg/l b. 400 mg/l c. 200 mg/l d. 100 mg/l 200 mg/l In 1984 , RCRA was amended to require ____ or the equivalent, as hazardous waste landfills a. double liners b. auxiliary incinerators c. EPA coordinators d. all of the above double liners A permanent facility for collecting and storing household waste should be located away from residential areas and places of public gathering a. true b. false true Sources of dioxin include: a. wood preserved with PCPs b. paper mill bleached pulp and sludge c. bleached paper products d. all of the above all of the above Neutralization and detoxification are feasible with most of the organophosphate and carbamate insecticides, but not with the a. chlorinated hydrocarbons b. acids c. bases d. all of the above chlorinated hydrocarbons The louder the sound, the greater the: a. frequency b. amplitude c. timbre d. pitch amplitude Maximum sensitivity to sound for humans is in the range of a. 500 - 1,000 cps b. 1,000 - 5,000 cps c. 5,000 - 10,000 cps d. 10,000 - 15,000 cps 1,000 - 5,000 cps Hearing loss that lasts a few hours following exposure to excessive noise is referred to as: a. sensorineural loss b. temporary threshold shift c. conductive loss d. noise induced hearing loss temporary threshold shift The first type of hearing sensitivity to become damaged as a result of excessive noise exposure is sensitivity to: a. low frequencies b. middle frequencies c. conductive loss d. high frequencies high frequencies Loss of hearing to the extent that low frequency sounds are distorted or can't be heard is considered: a. sensorineural loss b. temporary threshold shift c. conductive loss d. noise induced hearing loss sensorineural loss Hearing loss that results from infections or trauma is called: a. sensorineural loss b. temporary threshold shift c. conductive loss d. noise induced hearing loss conductive loss The act that authorized the Environmental Protection Agency to work in partnership with state and local governments in the area of anti-noise programs was the: a. Quiet Communities Act b. Noise Control Act c. Noise Abatement Act d. Environmental Noise Pollution Act Quiet Communities Act The hearing ability of a fetus is well-developed by the a. 18th week b. 22nd week c. 26th week d. 28th week 28th week A constant buzzing or ringing in the ears is called: a. sensorineural impact b. tinnitus c. threshold abridgment d. ottis media tinnitus Age-related hearing loss is referred to as: a. preemptive throshold shift b. presbyopia c. presbycusis d. predysplasia presbycusis By age 65 the number of Americans who experience hearing loss sufficient to affect communication is: a. 1 in 2 b. 1 in 3 c. 1 in 4 d. 1 in 5 1 in 4 The amount of time required to produce permanent damage to hearing is cut in half with an increase in sound of a. 3 dB b. 5 dB c. 7 dB d. 9 dB 5 dB A minimum of ______ of sleeping area per person is required in the APHA appraisal method a. 10 ft2 b. 20 ft2 c. 40 ft2 d. 60 ft2 40 ft2 The ASHRAE recommended minimal thermal standard for dwellings is _____ at 40% humidity and an air circulation rate of 45 fpm. a. 57F b. 60F c. 68F d. 76F 76F The end of a waste pipe should terminate at least ____ above the rim of a sink or receptacle directly connected to the drainage system. a. 2in b. 4in c. 5in d. 6in 2in The distance between the end of the water supply pipe and the sink should be the diameter of the supply pipe a. 1 1/2 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 2 Excessive condensation, corrosion, and mildew occur when the relative humidity exceeds a. 20% b. 40% c. 80% d. 60% 60% Vent gasses combined with high moisture inside a chimney will form a. a glass like glaze b. hydrochloric acid c. sodium chloride d. sulfuric acid sulfuric acid Radon cannot be reduced with which of the following devices a. humidifier b. electrostatic precipitators c. ionizers d. none of the above none of the above Short term exposure to formaldehyde levels above ______ can cause serious health or threatening reactions a. 50 ppm b. 20 ppm c. 10 ppm d. 0.5 ppm 50 ppm The Muerto Canyon virus causes disease of the ____ in humans a. lungs b. kidneys c. intestine d. brain lungs The incidence of tuberculosis in English laboratory workers working with M. tuberculosis was reported to be ___ higher than for general population a. 2 times b. 3 times c. 5 times d. 10 times 5 times Universal precautions refer to a. specific respiratory protection used in hospitals b. an infection control measure in which all human blood and certain body fluids are treated as infectious c. procedures used when handling hazardous wastes d. none of the above an infection control measure in which all human blood and certain body fluids are treated as infectious The biosafety containment level suitable for work involving agents of moderate potential hazard to personnel and the environment is a. biosafety level 1 b. biosafety level 2 c. biosafety level 3 d. biosafety level 4 biosafety level 2 The term containment is used in describing a. control of infectious wastes in the laboratory b. a biosafety cabinet c. safe methods for managing infectious agents in the laboratory d. facilities designed for research on recombinant DNA safe methods for managing infectious agents in the laboratory Campylopbacter may be safely used in the lab as a minimum at a. biosafety level 1 b. biosafety level 2 c. biosafety level 3 d. biosafety level 4 biosafety level 2 A national performance standard has been developed by the a. National Sanitation Foundation b. National Safety Council c. National Institute of Health d. American Biological Safety Association National Sanitation Foundation The appointment and maintenance of an Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBC) is one requirement of a. EPA b. CDC c. NIH d. FDA NIH ________ is the failure to perform an official duty without sufficient excuse a. nonfeasance b. misfeasance c. malfeasance d. a or b above nonfeasance An example of _______ is closing down an establishment without sufficient excuse. a. nonfeasance b. misfeasance c. malfeasance d. none of the above misfeasance ______ is the doing of an authorized act in an unauthorized manner a. nonfeasance b. misfeasance c. malfeasance d. feasance misfeasance An individuals right to be treated with at least minimum of decency and fairness by governmental officials is guaranteed by the provision of a. state rights b. home rule c. equal protection d. due process due process If a health official failed to close a restaurant known to have imminent health dangers this is a. misdemeanor b. malfesance c. misfeasance d. nonfeasance nonfeasance What is the most important means of enforcement of the Federal Food Drug & Cosmetic Act? a. embargo b. licensing c. registration d. inspection embargo The term applied to certain incorporated towns or cities in which the state of constitution or legislature gives them the right to formulate and adopt city characters and regulate their own affairs is a. eminent domain b. ultra vires c. inherent law d. home rule home rule In legal terminology the power of condemnation is also known as a. eminent domain b. noscitur ad sociis c. law of nuisances d. judicial presumption eminent domain Police power a. is about derived from mostly federal laws b. is assigned entirely to the federal government by the constitution c. cannot be used except by a police officer d. is almost exclusively left to individual states to establish and enforce laws for the citizens welfare is almost exclusively left to individual states to establish and enforce laws for the citizens welfare Which component of clean dry air has the smallest volume? a. carbon monoxide b. nitrogen dioxide c. ammonia d. sulfur dioxide sulfur dioxide Major effects on humans are caused by Los Angeles and London- type smog, along with what two pollutants? a. sulfur dioxide and hydrogen fluoride b. sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide c. hydrogen sulfide and peroxacyl nitrates d. ozone and nitrogen dioxide sulfur dioxide and hydrogen fluoride What type of air pollution causes loss of chlorophyll in plants? a. PAN (peroxyacyl nitrates) b. sulfur dioxide c. industries processing hazardous wastes d. high motor vehicle traffic PAN (peroxyacyl nitrates) Injury to plant due to _____ shows up as flecks, stipple and bleaching, tip burns on conifers, and growth suppression. a. ozone b. peroxyacyl nitrates c. hydrogen fluoride d. sulfur dioxide ozone Glazing, silvering, or bronzing on the underside of a leaf is evidence that injury has occurred by a. ozone b. PAN (peroxaacyl nitrates) c. sulfur dioxide d. hydrogen fluoride peroxaacyl nitrates Emissions which find their way into the ambient air without being vented through a stack are known as a. escaped emissions b. fugitive emissions c. phantom emissions d. all of the above fugitive emissions ________ can be formed as a result of the sun's action on nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons a. sulfur dioxide b. hydrogen sulfide c. chlorofluorocarbons d. ozone ozone Which of the following is not a primary pollutant a. sulfur dioxide b. hydrocarbon c. nitrogen dioxide d. sulfuric acid sulfuric acid Impurtities in combustible hydrocarbons (coal and oil) combine with oxygen to produce _______ when burned. a. nitrogen oxide b. sulfur dioxide c. nitrogen dioxide d. carbon monoxide sulfur dioxide Which of the following are examples of short-range primary pollutants? a. total suspended solids and sulfur dioxide b. sulfur dioxide and ozone c. ozone and acid rain d. total suspended solids and acid rain total suspended solids and sulfur dioxide Which of the following inversions develops at night under conditions of relatively clear skies and very light winds? a. subsidence inversion b. frontal inversion c. radiational inversion d. stack emission inversion radiational inversion The information needed to use an air quality model includes a. pollutant concentration data, population, and meterological data b. population, source emission data, and pollutant concentration data c. meteorological data, pollutant concentration data, and source emissions data d. stack size, population, and pollutant concentration data meteorological data, pollutant concentration data, and source emissions data The pitch of a sound is determined primarily by a. frequency b. wavelengths c. sound pressure d. all of the above frequency When absorbed daytime heat is radiated quickly into space and the temperature of surface air drops below the air above it, the condition is referred to as a. radiant energy b. subsidence inversion c. radiation inversion d. thermal radiation radiation inversion The major source of sulfur dioxide is a. natural erosion of soils b. fuel combustion c. industrial processing d. road traffic fuel combustion Which of the following is generally found at the highest concentrations in urban atmospheres? a. sulfur dioxide b. nitrogen oxide c. ozone d. carbon monoxide carbon monoxide One of the main precursors of acid rain is a. nitrogen oxide b. carbon dioxide c. sulfur dioxide d. ozone sulfur dioxide The only criteria gas that is colored is a. nitrogen dioxide b. carbon dioxide c. ozone d. sulfur dioxide nitrogen dioxide The major constituent of the photo-chemical oxidant is a. sulfur dioxide b. ozone c. peroxyacetyl nitrate d. nitrogen dioxide ozone The chemical used as a measure of the oxidant level of the atmosphere at any given time is a. nitrogen dioxide b. carbon dioxide c. ozone d. sulfur dioxide ozone Mosquitos have been known to spread a. typhus fever b. encephalitis c. shigellosis d. salmonella encephalitis Two insect parasites of rodents which transmit disease to man are a. chigger and mite b. mosquito and tick c. flea and louse d. roach and fly flea and louse Of the following, which is not ordinarily used as a rodenticide? a. ANTU b. methoxychlor c. sodium fluoracetate d. warfarin methoxychlor Which is not considered a single dose rodenticide? a. ANTU b. strychnine c. red squill d. warfarin warfarin Mosquitoes are responsible for all except a. Q fever b. malaria c. encephalitis d. yellow fever Q fever Why are anti-coagulant type rodenticides coated with paraffin? a. prevents rodents from smelling poisons b. slows down killing effect so rodents can die in nest c. prevents decomposition of poison by rain moisture d. increases toxicity of poison prevents decomposition of poison by rain moisture Which method of mosquito control is not very effective for nuisance prevention? a. screening b. fogging c. residual spray d. propellants residual spray The one of the following diseases which is caused by a virus a. encephalitis b. malaria c. Q fever d. tetanus encephalitis The one of the following diseases which rats don't act as intermediate hosts is a. amoebic dysentery b. endemic typhus c. plague d. Weil's disease amoebic dysentery The variety of rat most common in the US in urban environments is a. black rat b. brown rat c. roof rat d. white rat brown rat Eradication of mosquitoes and ticks would have no effect on epidemic of a. equine encephalitis b. infectious hepatitis c. yellow fever d. rocky mountain spotted fever infectious hepatitis A rodenticide which is also an emetic is a. strychnine b. red squill c. warfarin d. arsenic red squill Lasso is the trademark for a. acrolein b. atrazine c. alachlor d. duiron alachlor Which disease is the result of a tick bite a. murine typhus b. scabies c. Q fever d. all of the above Q fever Chaga's disease is also known as a. brucellosis b. trypanosomiasis c. undulant fever d. dengue fever trypanosomiasis Sylvatic plague a. is the name given to an infection in wild rodents of pasturella pestis a serious disease of man originally described by sylvania c. was so called because of a curse on the Gausi by Sylvaticus d. was a serious occupational disease of silversmiths during the 16th century is the name given to an infection in wild rodents of pasturella pestis Which of the following is not insect-borne a. diptheria b. encephalitis d. bubonic plague d. tularemia diptheria Endemic typhus is spread through the a. roach b. mosquito c. tick d. flea flea Which of the following is unlike the rest regarding epidemiology? a. malaria b. rocky mountain spotted fever c. rabies d. eastern encephalitis rabies Which of the following diseases is not related to rodents in its transmission to man a. salmonellosis b. leptospirosis c. yellow fever d. rickettsial pox yellow fever Which of the following is not related to echinococcosis a. dogs b. cats c. sheep d. tapeworm cats The infection reservoir for anthropod-borne viral encephalitis is generally accepted to be a. horses b. humans c. birds d. fish birds The amelioration of a disease to reduce disability or dependence resulting from it is called a. first degree prevention b. second degree prevention c. tertiary prevention d. none of the above tertiary prevention Which is not a primary source for giardia lamblia cysts? a. beavers b. humans c. roaches d. muskrats roaches As of 1975, the diseases which caused 2/3's of the deaths in the US included all but which of the following? a. cerebrovascular disease b. influenza c. cancer d. heart disease influenza Clostridium botulinum spores are killed in a. 10 to 15 minutes at 80C b. 10 to 15 minutes at 80F c. 1 minute at 250F d. 10 to 15 minutes at 230F 10 to 15 minutes at 230F Which bacteria in large numbers can survive extended periods in cheddar cheese? a. salmonella ssp b. brucella ssp c. shigella ssp d. clostridium perfringens salmonella ssp Hemolytic uremic syndrome is caused by a. mental stress b. a virus c. by infection with Escherichia coli 0157:H7 d. listeriosis by infection with Escherichia coli 0157:H7 Which group of the following bacteria typically contains most of the pathogenic bacteria? a. mesoduric b. thermophilic c. mesophilic d. thermoduric mesophilic Deaths of newborns caused by milk-induced diarrhea has been mainly attributed to the bacteria a. shigella b. pseudomonas c. escherichia coli d. enterobacter aerogenes escherichia coli Outbreaks of _____ traced to contaminated shellfish between 1900 and 1925 led to the PHS Certification of dealers involved in interstate shipment a. chlorea b. gastroenteritis c. typhoid fever d. dysentry typhoid fever A freezer unit for frozen food should maintain temperatures of ___ or below a. 32F b. 24F c. 10F d. 0F 0F To prepare a solution of 100 mg per liter available chlorine, _____ of 5.25% bleach with one gallon of water should be used. a. 0.5 oz b. 1.0 oz c. 0.33 oz d. 0.25 oz 0.25 oz The detention time for waste water in a septic tank is recommended to be a. 6 to 12 hours b. 24 to 72 hours c. 1 week d. none of the above 24 to 72 hours One of the most important factors contributing to disease transmission of microbiological agents is a. chlorination b. concentration or dose of microorganisms c. filtration d. flocculation concentration or dose of microorganisms The ability of a soil to absorb and allow water and air to pass through is related to all of the following except cal composition b. texture c. cation exchange capacity d. granular structure cation exchange capacity The NODAK system is designed to a. protect groundwater b. decrease surface area c. all evaporation of most liquids d. none of the above protect groundwater What two factors determine the groundwater contamination potential from a septic tank? a. size of tank and depth of groundwater b. contaminants in tank and soil characteristics c. permeability of septic tank materials and soil characteristics d. soil characteristics and depth to groundwater soil characteristics and depth to groundwater Detention time for septic tanks should be not less than a. 8 hours b. 12 hours c. 24 hours d. 36 hours 24 hours Which of the following is not a factor in the satisfactory operation of a septic tank/sand filter system? a. rate of sewage application b. effectiveness of sand c. ratio of septic tank size to sand filter size d. uniformity coefficient sand ratio of septic tank size to sand filter size What is considered to be the best single strength measure of wastewater polluted water containing degradable waste? a. DO b. 5 day BOD c. COD d. total coliform 5 day BOD What is the permissible hour threshold limit value for H2S? a. 10 ppm b. 20 ppm c. 30 ppm d. 40 ppm 20 ppm