Nurs 6635 Midterm-Pmhnp

NURS 6635 MIDTERM-PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers Explanations c Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University Exam Year 2021 A Norepinephrine B GABA . C Dopamine . D Acetylcholine Answer: Dopamine Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is linked to defects in the cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical (CSTC) circuitry, which may be linked to neurotransmitter dysregulation throughout this network. Serotonin, dopamine, glutamate, and -aminobutyric acid (GABA) are the main neurotransmitters throughout the CSTC. Compulsive behaviors linked to OCD are likely the product of a related dopaminergic reward system dysfunction. Continuous ventral striatum activation may lead to an undirected expectation of reward. Anxiety and a desire to fill the gap are caused by unfulfilled expectations. Step-by-Step explanation References Richter, M. A., De Jesus, D. R., Hoppenbrouwers, S., Daigle, M., Deluce, J., Ravindran, L. N., ... & Daskalakis, Z. J. (2019). Evidence for cortical inhibitory and excitatory dysfunction in obsessive compulsive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology, 37(5), . Pittenger, C., Krystal, J. H., & Coric, V. (2016). Glutamate-modulating drugs as novel pharmacotherapeutic agents in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. NeuroRx, 3(1), 69-81. 1 points QUESTION 2 1. Select the class of drugs most effective in treating pain disorder. Answer: A Opioid analgesics . B TCA and SSRI . antidepressants C Beta-adrenergic . blockers D Mood stabilizers . Opioids analgesics QUESTION 1 1. Select the neurotransmitter involved in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and adolescents based on the common comorbidity of tic disorders. Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University Exam Year 2021 Opioid analgesics are drugs that function on opioid receptors that are used to alleviate pain. Weak opioid analgesics are often used to describe compound analgesics that combine acetaminophen with low levels of codeine or tramadol. Opioid analgesics, which include oxycodone, hydrocodone, and codeine, can be used to relieve mild to extreme acute pain. Opioids are medications that are chemically similar to, but more potent than, the body's own pain relievers (endorphins). They operate by binding to receptors on cells, primarily in the brain, spinal cord, and gastrointestinal tract. Step-by-Step explanation References Andrieu, G., Amrouni, H., Robin, E., Carnaille, B., Wattier, J. M., Pattou, F., ... & Lebuffe, G. (2017). Analgesic efficacy of bilateral superficial cervical plexus block administered before thyroid surgery under general anaesthesia. British journal of anaesthesia, 99(4), 561-566. Mangione, M. P., & Crowley-Matoka, M. (2018). Improving pain management communication: how patients understand the terms "opioid" and "narcotic". Journal of general internal medicine, 23(9), 1336. 1 points QUESTION 3 1. Select the most commonly occurring eating disorder. Answer: A Anorexia . nervosa B Bulimia . nervosa C Purging . D Binge . A. Anorexia Nervosa Step-by-Step explanation Anorexia nervosa is one eating disorder that most people have heard of. People with anorexia often starve themselves in order to achieve an unattainable ideal of thinness. This condition, like many eating disorders, tends to affect more women than men. 1 points QUESTION 4 1. Select the disorder in which inflicting injury to self or others is common. A Pain . Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University Exam Year 2021 1 points 1 points B Conversion . C Somatic . symptom D Factitious . Factitious disorder is a serious mental disorder in which someone deceives others by appearing sick, by purposely getting sick or by self-injury. QUESTION 5 1. Select two imaging methods used to study anxiety disorders. A CT . B TM . S C MRI . D EKG . QUESTION 6 1. Select the two factors that do not cause dissociative amnesia. A Sexual . abuse B Substance . abuse C Surgical pain . D Partner . betrayal Answer: A . Step-by-Step explanation The correct answer is; A. Sexual abuse D. Partner betrayal Substance abuse and surgical pain can cause dissociative amnesia. Dissociative amnesia is a disorder in which a person loses track of vital details from their past. This forgetfulness can be limited to a few key areas (thematic), or it might encompass a large portion of a person's life history and/or identity (general). Drug and alcohol usage not only raises the risk of having a co-occurring or comorbid substance use disorder, but it can also intensify dissociative amnesia symptoms. Dissociative disorders are essential to the pain physician because persistent pain can be Reference accompanied with dissociative symptoms. A disruption in the integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, or perception characterizes dissociative disorders. Midterm 6635 PMHNP Walden University Exam Year 2021 1 points 1 points 1 points QUESTION 9 1. Select the greatest impediment to treating anorexia nervosa patients. Wagener, D. (2019, September 5). Treatment for dissociative amnesia and substance abuse. American Addiction Centers.