Com 101 0+1 Introduction To Computer Technology Revised Exam Study Guide.

COM 101 0+1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY Revised Exam study Guide. CHAPTER I COMPUTER: Computer is an electronic device with the ability to, - Accept user – supplied data & instructions. - Store data & instructions - Perform mathematical & logical operations i.e., (execute the instructions) - Output the results according to the user specifications. In other words, it is defined as the data modeling & simulation device. It is decisionmaking tool. It is also an entertainment i.e., Audio & Video images can be stored. Types of Computers: A. Based on Architecture: • Digital computer • Analog computer • Hybrid computer B. Based on Market Availability: • Personal computer • Mini computer • Super computer • Micro computer • Mainframe computer C. Based on Use: • Scientific computer • Business computer • General computer A. Based on Architecture: 1.Digital computer: This type of computer is used to store data. These computers can understand 2 discrete variables (0 & 1). 0 → off & 1 → on. The numbers used are called Binary numbers. 1 2. Analog Computers: In this type we can feed data. In analog computers are mostly continuous. Eg: Temperature, heartbeat etc. 3. Hybrid Computer: These computers are designed for certain scientific applications. It is the combination of both digital & analog computers. B. Based on availability: 1. Personal Computer: (PC) PC is a single user computer. It was developed by IBM (Internal Business Machine). It consists of 3 important parts. a) Monitor ,b) CPU, c) Keyboard. Operating System: An operating system is an integrated set of special programs that are used to manage the resources and overall operations of the computer. The operating system act as an interface between the user & hard was of the computer and it controls the way the other software uses the hardware. PC – ET (Extended – Technology): With in the same floppy one hard disk of 20MB capacity is fixed, so as to increase the capacity. PC – AT (Advanced Technology): Instead of 8025 Intel, Intel 80286 (25 MH3 ) is used which process the data very fastly. Intel 80386 33 MH3 Intel MH3 Pentium I - 200 MH3 Pentium II - 500 MH3 Pentium III-800 MH3 Pentium IV-9300 MH3 LAN : (Local Area Network) Network connection of several PC’s within 16 km radius.They are used to give effective communications and paperless office automation. It is also called called as ‘Intranet’. If the Network connection is within the metropolitan ,Area Network → (MAN) If the network connection is of several cities WAN → Wide Area Network. 2. Micro Computer: 2 These are the smallest computers available. These machines are selfcontained units and usually designed for use by a single person. 3. Mini Computer: Mini Computer has a central computer connecting 8 terminals. Central computer is called ‘Intelligent Computers’ and terminal computer are → ‘Dump Computers’. Medium sized computers that are most powerful & costlier than a microcomputer. Mini computer are usually designed to serve many users simultaneously, but the limitation is around 50 users. India purchased its first minicomputer, in India Statistical Institute. Calcutta. 4. Mainframe Computer: Mainframe computers are much bigger in terms of speed, processing capacity & memory capacity. They can support 500 users & serve in various engineering & scientific applications. It can carry many tasks at a stretch called multitasking. Eg: HP – 9000, AS – 400. 5. Super Computers: These are computers having 1 microprocessors to perform some multiple tasking. They are used for weather forecasting & certain other special applications. Their speed is measured in terms of Millions of Instructions Per Second. (MIPS) C. Based on Uses: 1. Scientific Computers: These computers are used for scientific applications. 2. Business Computers: These computers used for business application which can perform mainly the basic arithmetic operation. 3. General Purpose Computers: These are most widely used for general purpose computing. Input Device: This gives the necessary input to the computer to carry on different tasks. Control Unit: This controls the flow of data inside the CPU. They receive the data and sent to appropriate operations. Memory Unit: This is a place where the computer has its data stored for processing and ret riving. Arithmetic & Logic Unit:This is the place inside the computer where the arithmetic coperations are carried out.