Nur 110 Final Exam Study Guide

Nur 110 Final Exam Study Guide Chapter 1-Development of the profession Know: how does nursing gain power, difference between, RN, LPN, CAN. Trait vs power vs process vs education. 1. Identify the most important element in nursing’s attempt to gain full autonomy of practice. A) Economic exploitation of nurses B) Maintaining the education system for nurses as it is now C) Gaining and maintaining control of nursing practice by nurses D) Restricting the latitude of decisions made by nurses 2. In its attempt to gain freedom and independence, what corresponding factors must the nursing profession embrace? A) Health and happiness B) Chaos and disorder C) Loss of control and negative feedback D) Responsibility and accountability 3. Select the most effective method that nurses can use to gain power over their practice. A) Use strikes and union tactics to increase pay. B) Join professional organizations in large numbers. C) Leave nursing as soon as better jobs come along. D) Confront hospital administrators about poor staffing. 4. Which of the following types of nurses are classified as technical nurses? A) BSNs and MSNs B) LPNs and ADNs C) LVNs and BSNs D) UAPs and BSNs 5. Identify the approach that describes a profession as being in a continual state of development along a continuum. A) Trait approach B) Power approach C) Process approach D) Educational approach Historical Perspective Chapt II Know: who is Hippocrates, William henry, Loretta ford, Isabelle Robb, Anne Goodrich. Know what the effect of increased population is. 1. Who is called the “father of modern medicine”? A) William Harvey B) Hippocrates C) Cyrus the Great D) Emperor Darius 2. For which contribution to professional nursing is Isabel Adams Hampton Robb most noted? A) Raising the standards for nursing education B) Developing storefront clinics in New York City C) Advocating the use of MASH units during the Korean War D) Changing the laws that affect health care of the poor 3. Who is credited with the development of the nurse practitioner role? A) Anne Goodrich B) Loretta Ford C) Isabel Robb D) Barak Obama 4. Select the element of the medical practice of Hippocrates that remains appropriate for the health-care providers of the 21st century. A) Belief that disease is a result of failure to comply with the natural law B) The whole client needs to be treated: the mind, body, and spirit C) Only physicians have enough education to provide safe health care D) Hospitals should be avoided unless there are no other treatment options 5. Select the statement that most accurately states the effects of increasing populations on health care. A) Economically depressed populations have fewer health-care needs. B) Larger populations often lead to large numbers of well-educated and well- nourished people. C) Large groups of economically depressed people tend to live in rural areas. D) Crowded living conditions in cities lead to the spread of communicable diseases. Theories and Models of nursing-Chapt III Know: Watsons theory, Roy’s adaptation model, Orem’s self-care, Systems theory. 1. Identify the major component for the maintenance of health used in the Roy Adaptation Model of nursing. A) Systems B) Lack of illness C) Adaptation D) Use of medicine 2. “Stimuli” in the Roy Adaptation Model is synonymous with which element in systems theory? A) Output B) Feedback C) Input D) Coping 3. 3 How is health described in the Roy Adaptation Model of nursing? A) A continuum B) A lack of illness C) A state or process of being and becoming an integrated, whole person D) A state of physical and mental well-being 4. Identify the two concepts upon which the framework for assessment is based in the Roy Adaptation Model of nursing. A) Cognator and regulator B) Input and stimuli C) Output and behavioral responses D) Focal and contextual 5. In the Roy Adaptation Model of nursing, the second-level assessment modes are most closely related to which part of the system? A) Input B) Output C) Ventral system D) Feedback loop 6. What belief forms the basis for the Orem Self-Care Model? A) The nurse helps the client adapt to his or her illness. B) The primary goal of health care is cure of the client. C) Health care is the responsibility of each individual. D) Health-care goals must be established for each client. 7. Identify the primary goal of nursing in the Orem Self-Care Model. A) Reestablish the absolute state of health the client had before his or her illness. B) Help the client conduct self-care activities to reach the highest level of functioning. C) Prevent further injury to the client’s biosystems. D) Help balance technological care with humanistic aspects of care. 8. What aspect of Watson’s Model of Human Caring distinguishes it from most other nursing models? A) Understanding health as a dynamic state rather than a static goal B) Viewing nursing as a process to help clients achieve their greatest potential rather than as a curing profession C) Use of a philosophical approach rather than a systems theory approach D) Defining environment as both internal and external rather than just external 9. Identify the most important aspect of caring according to Watson’s Model of Human Caring. A) Assisting the client to adapt to health changes B) Assessing the client’s health-care needs C) Identifying self-care problems and needs D) Establishing a helping and trusting relationship 10. How can most living organisms be classified in general systems theory? A) Open systems B) Closed systems C) Subsystems D) Macrosystems Nursing Organization-Chapt V Know: purpose of licensure, difference between license, registration, certification. 1. What is the primary goal for establishing licensure of nurses? A) Guarantee high-quality nurses. B) Increase tax revenues for the state. C) Set a minimum level of competency to protect the public. D) Maintain high numbers of nurses in the profession. 2. Which term is used to identify the listing of names of individuals on an official roster when they have met certain pre-established criteria? A) Certification B) Licensure C) Registration D) Practitioner 3. Identify the primary function of permissive licensure. A) Protects only the title “Registered Nurse” B) Allows anyone to use the title “Registered Nurse” C) Used by states to maintain quality and control over nurses D) Allows institutions to use foreign nurses as RNs 4. What type of credentialing indicates that an individual has achieved a high level of expertise and knowledge in an area of practice? A) Licensure B) Certification C) Professionalism D) Registration 5. What is the primary form of RN licensure currently used in the United States? A) Optional B) Compulsory C) Customary D) Traditional 6. Select the most serious problem encountered when institutional licensure is used. A) The standards are too difficult for most nurses to meet. B) It makes moving from one institution to another more difficult. C) Many qualified individuals are excluded from the profession. D) There are no external controls to determine a minimum level of ability. Ethics and Nursing -Chapter VI Difference between morals, ethics, value and law. Egoism, utilitarian, deontological, jurisdictional. 1. What is best described as the concepts, ideals, behaviors, and significant themes that give meaning to a person’s life? A) Morals B) Values C) Laws D) Ethics 2. What are rules of conduct that protect the social fabric? A) Morals B) Values C) Laws D) Ethics 3. 3. What term is best defined as standards of right and wrong that often are based on religious beliefs? A) Morals B) Values C) Laws D) Ethics 4. Identify the term defined as systems of valued behaviors and beliefs. A) Morals B) Values C) Laws D) Ethics 5. Identify the name of the system of ethical decision-making that is based on the “greatest good” principle. A) Egoism B) Utilitarianism C) Deontological D) Jurisdictional 6. Identify the system of ethical decision-making that is based on the discovery and confirmation of a set of morals or rules that govern the ethical dilemma. A) Deontological B) Jurisdictional C) Teleological D) Theological Bioethics-Chapt VII Beneficence, non-maleficence, self-determination, veracity, fidelity, euthanasia, assisted suicide, informed consent 1. What is the ethical principle that requires that the primary goal of health care and nursing is to do good for others? A) Autonomy B) Fidelity C) Beneficence D) Veracity 2. What is the best definition of the ethical principle of nonmaleficence? A) Health-care workers avoiding harm to clients B) Telling the truth to clients in all matters C) Being faithful to commitments made to clients D) The right of self-determination of clients 3. Identify the two most important ethical issues surrounding organ transplantation. A) Beneficence and nonmaleficence B) Self-determination and distributive justice C) Veracity and informed consent D) Fidelity and option rights 4. What is the practice of allowing a client to die without the use of any extraordinary measures sometimes called? A) Active euthanasia B) Passive euthanasia C) Mercy killing D) Assisted suicide 5. What ethical principles are sometimes overlooked in attempting to identify and report suspected child abuse? A) Best interest and nonmaleficence B) Privacy and self-determination C) Paternalism and beneficence D) Veracity and obligation 6. Upon what ethical principle do supporters of assisted suicide base their support for the practice? A) Beneficence includes acts that will help to permanently end a client’s suffering. B) The health-care provider is permitted to use paternalism when the client is unsure about the best course of treatment. C) Only by allowing the client to decide among all possible options will the principle of informed consent be fulfilled. D) The right to self-determination includes the decision to end one’s life. 7. Identify the nursing action that is most important for nurses to ensure when assisting in genetic screening procedures such as amniocentesis. A) Informed consent is given freely by the client. B) The client understands the nature of the procedure. C) The client understands the type of information that will be produced by the procedure. D) The confidentiality of the information will be maintained. 8. Identify the outcome that best demonstrates a critical care nurse’s successful application of the ethical principle of veracity to the care of a client who was diagnosed with late stage pancreatic cancer. A) The client is aware of his or her diagnosis despite attempts of the family to withhold that information. B) The client is beginning to be able to use simple words to express his or her needs. C) The family has been taught the necessary skills to care for the client at home with the supervision of a home health-care nurse. D) There is no evidence of skin breakdown on bony pressure points, and the client’s shoulder and hip on the affected side remain intact. Nursing law and liability-Chapter VIII Assault and battery, false imprisonment, invasion of privacy, liable, slander, fraud, malpractice 1. Which type of tort may occur if a client is not allowed to leave the hospital after receiving emergency care until the bill is paid? A) Assault B) Battery C) Invasion of privacy D) False imprisonment 2. A nurse tells several friends and coworkers that a client, who is also a physician, is unsafe for medical practice because he is paralyzed from the waist down and acts “slightly silly.” What type of tort does the nurse’s action represent? A) Libel B) Fraud C) Slander D) Malpractice 3. What is the best definition of assault as a tort? A) Application of force to another person without lawful justification B) Threats to do bodily harm to the person or another person C) A legal wrong committed by one person against the property of another D) A legal wrong committed against the public and punishable by law 4. Identify the best description of battery from the standpoint of civil law. A) Doing something that a reasonable person with the same education or preparation would not do B) A legal wrong committed by one person against the property of another C) Application of force to the person or another person without lawful justification or permission D) Maligning the character of an individual while threatening to do bodily harm 5. What is another term that can be used for professional negligence? A) Crime B) Consent C) Misdemeanor D) Malpractice 6. In which situation might the tort of invasion of privacy most likely exist? A) Notifying the police of Mr. Jones’s gunshot wound B) Discussing Mrs. Green’s surgery in the hospital cafeteria C) Calling the police concerning an obvious child abuse case D) Notifying the public health department concerning Mr. Smith’s diagnosis of gonorrhea NCLEX-Chap IX Understand each step of the nursing process. Test taking strategies. 1. How is the nursing process treated by the NCLEX-CAT, RN? A) It is a five-step process that involves assessment, analysis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. B) It is a four-step process that involves assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation. C) It is unimportant, and no questions are asked about it. D) It is the most important part of the examination. 2. Identify the question stem that best indicates that an “Evaluation” category question is being asked. A) Which of these actions should the nurse perform first? B) You know your teaching concerning colostomy care was successful if the client makes which statement? C) Identify the data that are most important to obtain for a client with cardiac disease. D) Which nursing diagnosis has the highest priority? 3. Identify the question stem that best indicates that an “Assessment” category question is being asked. A) Which action should the nurse perform first? B) You know your teaching concerning colostomy care was successful if the client makes which statement? C) Identify the data that are most important to obtain for a client with cardiac disease. D) Which nursing diagnosis has the highest priority? 4. Which question stem best indicates that an “Analysis” category question is being asked? A) Which action should the nurse perform first? B) You know your teaching concerning colostomy care was successful if the client makes which statement? C) Identify the data that are most important to obtain for a client with cardiac disease. D) Which nursing diagnosis has the highest priority? 5. Which question stem best indicates that an “Implementation” category question is being asked? A) Which action should the nurse perform first? B) You know your teaching concerning colostomy care was successful if the client makes which statement? C) Identify the data that are most important to obtain for a client with cardiac disease. D) Which nursing diagnosis has the highest priority? 6. Which test-taking tip is most important to remember when taking a multiple-choice examination such as the NCLEX-CAT, RN? A) Read each question four times so that related information can be remembered. B) To save time, select the first answer that is correct. C) Ignore negative words in the question stem because they confuse the issue. D) Avoid reading into the question information that is not included in the client situation. Reality Shock-Chapter X Different roles: IDEAL, PERCEIVED, PERFORMED, 1. What is the best definition for what the nurse actually does while practicing nursing? A) Ideal role B) Perceived role C) Performed role D) Practice role 2. Leadership-Chapt XI Burnout, Management styles: LAIZIE-FAIRE, DEMOCRATIC, ATHORATARIAN. Turn-over in nursing 1. Identify a typical response for a manager who uses the laissez-faire approach to leadership when faced with a difficult decision. A) Consult with the coworkers on the best way to resolve the problem. B) Make the tough decision by himself or herself and accept the responsibility. C) Appeal to a higher authority to make the decision. D) Postpone making the decision in the hopes that it will resolve itself. 2. Select an important principle that guides managers who use the democratic leadership style of management. A) The leader performs the same tasks as the rest of the members of the group. B) Each member of the group respects all of the other members as unique and valuable. C) The members of the group must carry out decisions made by the leader without question. D) The leader must be methodical and able to sift through complicated information. 3. A leader who is paternalistic and attempts to include the group’s feelings and concerns in making a final decision about how to accomplish a task is best identified as using which approach? A) Benevolent authoritarian B) Democratic C) Laissez-faire D) Dictatorial authoritarian 4. A leader with a low relationship/low task orientation presents a leadership style that is most similar to which leadership approach? A) Democratic B) Laissez-faire C) Authoritarian D) Benevolent 5. Which objective best indicates that a vice president of nursing services has a good understanding of methods to decrease staff turnover rate? A) Post discharge questionnaires will show increased levels of client satisfaction. B) During the next 6 months, attrition rates will be the national average. C) During the next 3 months, retention rates will increase by 10 percent. D) Nurses will feel more control over their work environment. 6. Which personality characteristics would make a person more susceptible to burnout? A) Average intelligence, procrastinator, poor health B) Above average intelligence, idealistic, perfectionist C) Below average intelligence, procrastinator, excellent health D) Average motivation level, high income, idealistic 7. When evaluating the applications of several new nursing graduates, which career characteristics would a nurse manager consider most positive and least likely to cause burnout? A) Demand for high-quality performance and unclear expectations B) Unrealistic expectations and little control over work situations C) High degree of responsibility and appreciation of work being done D) Inadequate financial rewards and high stress levels 8. Identify the most common emotion experienced by nurses who are developing burnout.