EMT

West Coast EMT Block 3 Study Guide what is the function of the liver - ANSWER-Removing waste created by digestion produce bile where is the liver located - ANSWER-right upper quadrant what is the function of the pancreas - ANSWER-Secretes inslin and glucagon hormones and makes pancreatic juices where is the pancreas located - ANSWER-posterior to the stomach what is the function of the spleen - ANSWER-filter blood and help fight infections where is the spleen located - ANSWER-LUQ what is the function of the gallbladder - ANSWER-stores and concentrates bile Where is the gallbladder located? - ANSWER-under the liver, RUQ what are the three motor vehicle collisions - ANSWER-1. car against another car 2. passenger against interior of car 3. passenger's organs against solid structures of body what are arteries - ANSWER-Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart what are arterioles - ANSWER-Arterioles are the smallest arteries what are capillaries - ANSWER-Capillaries are the exchange vessels. They are microscopic and have only one wall—tunica intima—allowing substances to pass through quickly. what are venules - ANSWER-smallest veins bones of the face - ANSWER-mandible maxillae nasal bone palatine bone and nasal conchae vomer zygomatic bone lacrimal bone hyoid bone Where is CSF produced? - ANSWER-choroid plexus what is the function of CSF? - ANSWER-protects and nourishes the brain and spinal cord what is the phrenic nerve? - ANSWER-major motor and sensory nerve of the diaphragm C3-C5 what is flail chest - ANSWER-A fracture of two or more sites on two or more adjacent ribs, or when rib fractures produce a free-floating sternum. Flail segments may not be clinically evident in the first several hours after injury b/c of muscle spasms that cause splinting. After positive pressure initiated, paradoxical chest wall movement ceases. What is cardiac tamponade? - ANSWER-compression of the heart by an accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac S/S of a Cardiac tamponade - ANSWER-- Chest pain - Dsypnea - Beck's Triad (Decreased BP, Muffled heart sounds, JVD) - Kussmaul sign what is a sprain? - ANSWER-stretching or tearing of ligaments what is a strain? - ANSWER-stretching or tearing of muscle or tendon what is a dislocation? - ANSWER-total loss of congruity -- between the articular surfaces of the joint What is Biot's respiration? - ANSWER-Biot's respirations are rapid, deep breathing with abrupt pauses between each breath and an equal depth to each breath. What is epistaxis and what causes it? - ANSWER-loss of blood through the nose (nosebleed); usually caused by injury either external or internal - such as blow to nose, nose picking or foreign body insertion 6 "P's" of musculoskeletal injury - ANSWER-pain paralysis paresthesias - burning or pricking pulselessness pallor pressure what is the limbic system? - ANSWER-a complex system of nerves and networks in the brain, involving several areas near the edge of the cortex concerned with instinct and mood. It controls the basic emotions (fear, pleasure, anger) and drives (hunger, sex, dominance, care of offspring). hematuria - ANSWER-presence of blood in the urine hemoptysis - ANSWER-coughing/spitting up blood hematocrit - ANSWER-The percent of the volume of whole blood that is composed of red blood cells as determined by separation of red blood cells from the plasma usually by centrifugation. hemoglobin - ANSWER-iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen for delivery to cells hematoma - ANSWER-a solid swelling of clotted blood within the tissues. Ecchymosis - ANSWER-bruising what is the most commonly fractured bone? - ANSWER-clavicle what is atrophy? - ANSWER-decrease in cell size what are ligaments? - ANSWER-Connect bone to bone what are tendons? - ANSWER-Connect muscle to bone what is cartilage? - ANSWER-It is a type of flexible connective tissue What is articular cartilage? - ANSWER-smooth, white tissue that covers the ends of bones where they come together to form joints cardiac muscle - ANSWER-Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart. striated, involuntary smooth muscle - ANSWER-involuntary muscle found in internal organs nonstriated, involuntary skeletal muscle - ANSWER-A muscle that is attached to the bones of the skeleton and provides the force that moves the bones. striated, voluntary mesentery - ANSWER-a fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall what is peritonitis? - ANSWER-inflammation of the peritoneum S/S of peritonitis - ANSWER-abdominal rigidity caused by blood inside the tissue, Decrease bowel sounds reflex arc - ANSWER-A relatively direct connection between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron that allows an extremely rapid response to a stimulus, often without conscious brain involvement. What is the mastoid process? - ANSWER-lump behind the earlobe; filled with small air sinuses that communicate with the middle-ear cavity The prominent bony mass at the base of the skull about 1" posterior to the external opening of the ear. how many bones are in the face - ANSWER-14 indications of Internal bleeding - ANSWER-coughing or spitting up blood. (Bright red frothy blood can be indicative of lung damage blood and/or clear fluid in the nose and/or ears blood in the urine or stool abdomen is enlarged, rigid and sensitive, or tender to the touch. a bent steering wheel in front of an individual. What is the cricoid cartilage? - ANSWER-a ring of hyaline cartilage that forms the inferior wall of the larynx, the clinical landmark for tracheotomy and only complete ring in glottis/trachea parts of the eye - ANSWER-cornea, pupil, optic nerve, iris, lens, retina, rod cells, cone cells cornea - ANSWER-The clear tissue that covers the front of the eye pupil - ANSWER-the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters optic nerve - ANSWER-the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain iris - ANSWER-Colored part of the eye lens - ANSWER-the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina retina - ANSWER-Light sensitive layer of the eye; contains rods and cones rod cells - ANSWER-a type of photoreceptor specialized for low levels of light intensity, such as those found at night cone cells - ANSWER-work best in bright light and enable you to see colors orbit in eye - ANSWER-bony cavity that holds eyeball conjunctiva - ANSWER-Delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the eyeball function of the cerebrum - ANSWER-thinking, personality, sensations, movements, memory function of the cerebellum - ANSWER-Balance and coordination function of the brain stem - ANSWER-temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, sleeping, perspiration , and balance function of the meninges - ANSWER-Cover and protect CNS Protect blood vessels and enclose venous sinuses Contain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Form partitions in skull dura matter - ANSWER-thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord arachnoid matter - ANSWER-middle layer of the meninges pia matter - ANSWER-Innermost. Adheres directly to the brain and is made up of capillaries and supporting tissue. somatic nerves - ANSWER-Nerves that serve the skin and skeletal muscles and are mainly involved with the conscious and voluntary activities of the body. autonomic nerves - ANSWER-control smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands connecting nerves - ANSWER-Nerves in the spinal cord that connect the motor and sensory nerves. Peripheral nerves - ANSWER-A network of nerves that branch out from the spinal cord and connect to the rest of the body and transmit signals to and from the brain through the spinal cord. motor nerves - ANSWER-Nerves that carry information from the central nervous system to the muscles of the body. sympathetic nervous system - ANSWER-the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations (fight/flight) parasympathetic nervous system - ANSWER-the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy (rest/digest) epinephrine - ANSWER-Neurotransmitter secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress. Also known as adrenaline. Norepinephrine - ANSWER-A neurotransmitter involved in arousal, as well as in learning and mood