Milady Chapter 1-5 Class Notes

Chapter One: History and Career Opportunities Cosmetologists should have a thorough understanding of the history of cosmetology and the career opportunities available because many very old methods evolved into techniques used today, knowing the history of your profession can help you predict and understand upcoming trends, and by learning about many possibl e career paths, you’ll see the wide range of opportunities open to cosmetologists. COSMETOLOGY : • a term used to encompass a broad range of specialty areas, including hairstyling, nail technology, and esthetics (dealing with beauty ) • defined as the art and science of beautifying and i mproving the skin, nails, and hair and includes the study of cosmetics and their application BRIEF HISTORY OF COSMETOLOGY (p. 4-9) The Egyptians • first to cultivate beauty in an extravagant fashion • used cosmetics for personal beauty, in religious ce remonies, to prepare the dead for burial • infused essential oils from leaves, bark, and bloss oms of plants to create perfumes • as early as 3000BC, used minerals, insects, and ber ries to create makeup /head2right henna used to stain hair and nails a rich, warm red /head2right credited with creating kohl makeup-originally made from ground galena, sulfur, and animal fat- to heavily line the eyes, a lleviate eye inflammation, and protect eyes from the glare of the sun • Queen Cleopatra was so dedicated to beauty, she ere cted a perfume factory next to the Dead Sea around 50BC The Chinese • around 1600BC there is evidence that Chinese aristo crats used a tinted mixture to stain nails crimson or ebony /head2right nail tinting was tied to social status and commoner s caught wearing royal nail color faced a punishment of death The Greeks • in Greece around 500BC, hairstyling became a highly developed art • perfumes and cosmetics were used in religious rites • built elaborate baths, developed methods for dressi ng the hair and caring for skin and nails, applied cosmetics in much the same way w e do today The Romans • used fragrances and cosmetics • made and used facials • used hair color to indicate their class in society /head2right noble women- red tint /head2right middle-class women- blonde tint /head2right poor women- black tint The Middle Ages • beauty culture is evidenced in tapestries, sculptur es, and other artifacts by towering headdresses, intricate hairstyles, and the use of cosmetics on skin and hair • women wore colored makeup on their cheeks and lips but not on their eyes • around 1000AD, steam distillation (process used to purify liquids) was refined; ushered in the modern era of steam-distilled essent ial oils that we use today The Renaissance • Western civilization made the transition from medie val to modern history • shaving of the eyebrows and the hairline to show a greater expanse of forehead was popular and thought to give women a look of gre ater intelligence • both men and women took pride in their physical app earance and wore elaborate clothing; cosmetics and fragrances were used but hi ghly colored preparations were discouraged