ASB 222 Exam 1 with Questions and Answers
In an ideal world archeology... - ANSWER reflects the past perfectly
Pompeii - ANSWER -Ash fell up to 6 inches an hour and made buildings collapse;
Covered buildings and people acting as a mold, ultimately preserving the forms of
the perished people.
- Pyroclastic surge: pieces of volcanic debris that rolled down the mountain at
extremely high speeds; what really killed people
○ Erupted August 25th
Archeological Record - ANSWER study of past behavior and formation processes
(how archeological records are formed)
Dynamic and Archeological Context - ANSWER - Dynamic: actively being used in
time period
- Archeological: things we are looking at now from the past
Formation Processes - ANSWER - When dynamic context switches to
archeological context
- Transform the material remnants of past behavior
- They can:
- Modify objects
- Move objects around
- Dissociate objects that were used together
- Can create spurious association between unrelated objects
Decrease/increase quantities of objects
Depositional Processes - ANSWER Transforms material remnants from dynamic
to archeological context
Cultural Disturbance processes - ANSWER Change the materials within the
archeological record itself
, - EX: looting
Preservation Processes - ANSWER Affect the survival of material remains in
archeological context
Natural Disturbance Processes - ANSWER Change the materials within the
archeological record itself
Archeological Data - ANSWER - Minimal:
- Artifacts: are cultural, moveable objects
- Ecofacts: plant or animal remains
- Features: are non-portable object modified; in whole or in part; by human
activity
- Composite:
- Burial: are features that contain human (or animal) remains. Sometimes
associated with artifacts
- Sites: are places where artifacts, ecofacts, or features have been found
Thomas Jefferson - ANSWER ○ brought American archeology into more of a
profession
○ Conducted the first archeological expedition
○ Grave Creek Mound, West Virginia = in his backyard; decided to build a trench
across it; found that the mounds were actually burials from NA tribes
Paleontologists - ANSWER ○ study dinosaurs not archeologists
○ Is the study of past life, and uses its source info from fossil records
Archeology - ANSWER ○ is the study of the human past through the study of
material culture
○ Starts 2.6 million years ago when materials start to appear (archeological
record)
○ Both history and science
In an ideal world archeology... - ANSWER reflects the past perfectly
Pompeii - ANSWER -Ash fell up to 6 inches an hour and made buildings collapse;
Covered buildings and people acting as a mold, ultimately preserving the forms of
the perished people.
- Pyroclastic surge: pieces of volcanic debris that rolled down the mountain at
extremely high speeds; what really killed people
○ Erupted August 25th
Archeological Record - ANSWER study of past behavior and formation processes
(how archeological records are formed)
Dynamic and Archeological Context - ANSWER - Dynamic: actively being used in
time period
- Archeological: things we are looking at now from the past
Formation Processes - ANSWER - When dynamic context switches to
archeological context
- Transform the material remnants of past behavior
- They can:
- Modify objects
- Move objects around
- Dissociate objects that were used together
- Can create spurious association between unrelated objects
Decrease/increase quantities of objects
Depositional Processes - ANSWER Transforms material remnants from dynamic
to archeological context
Cultural Disturbance processes - ANSWER Change the materials within the
archeological record itself
, - EX: looting
Preservation Processes - ANSWER Affect the survival of material remains in
archeological context
Natural Disturbance Processes - ANSWER Change the materials within the
archeological record itself
Archeological Data - ANSWER - Minimal:
- Artifacts: are cultural, moveable objects
- Ecofacts: plant or animal remains
- Features: are non-portable object modified; in whole or in part; by human
activity
- Composite:
- Burial: are features that contain human (or animal) remains. Sometimes
associated with artifacts
- Sites: are places where artifacts, ecofacts, or features have been found
Thomas Jefferson - ANSWER ○ brought American archeology into more of a
profession
○ Conducted the first archeological expedition
○ Grave Creek Mound, West Virginia = in his backyard; decided to build a trench
across it; found that the mounds were actually burials from NA tribes
Paleontologists - ANSWER ○ study dinosaurs not archeologists
○ Is the study of past life, and uses its source info from fossil records
Archeology - ANSWER ○ is the study of the human past through the study of
material culture
○ Starts 2.6 million years ago when materials start to appear (archeological
record)
○ Both history and science
