PHYS 261 Mid Term Exam 2023 Complete | Human Physiology

PHYS 261 Mid Term Exam 2023 Complete | Human Physiology. How genetics influences the body’s response to drugs is called A) pharmacokinetics. B) pharmacogenomics. C) pharmacogenetics. D) pharmageddon. E) pharmacodynamics. 5) The atomic number of an element is equivalent to A) the number of protons in the nucleus. B) the number of electrons in the outer shell. C) the number of neutrons in the nucleus. D) the electrical charge of an atom. E) the number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus. 6) Which group of elements makes up more than 90% of the body's mass? A) O, Ca, H B) Ca, C, O C) O, C, H D) O, H, Na E) C, Na, K 7) The atomic mass of an atom can be estimated by counting the number of A) protons and electrons. B) protons. C) neutrons. D) protons and neutrons. E) electrons. 8) Each amino acid differs from others in the A) size of the amino group. B) number of central carbon atoms. C) number of carboxyl groups. D) chemical structure of the R group. E) number of peptide bonds in the molecule. 9) Nucleic acids are polymers of units called A) nucleotides. B) fatty acids. C) bases. D) ribose. E) amino acids. 10) A component of an important buffer in the human body is A) H2O. B) NaCl. C) HCO3 -. D) HCl. E) H+. 11) The basic structural and functional unit of the human body is A) tissue. B) the cell. C) protein. D) the organ system. E) the organ. 12) Cell membranes are said to be A) actively permeable. B) impermeable. C) freely permeable. D) selectively permeable. E) none of the above 13) Most of the ATP required to power cellular operations is produced in the A) endoplasmic reticulum. B) Golgi apparatus. C) mitochondria. D) ribosomes. E) nucleus. 14) Glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood are A) endocrine glands. B) mixed glands. C) unicellular glands. D) exocrine glands. E) none of the above 15) According to the second law of thermodynamics, A) the total amount of energy in the universe never changes. B) the amount of entropy increases during natural processes. C) energy can be converted, but not be created nor destroyed. D) entropy decreases in living systems as a result of cellular processes. 16) When a chemical reaction is in equilibrium A) there are equivalent amounts of reactants and products. B) the reaction has stopped. C) there is no net change in the amount of reactants or products. D) the reaction is proceeding at its maximum rate. 17) A competitive inhibitor binds to A) the surrounding tissue. B) the product. C) the active site. D) the substrate. E) a region of the enzyme other than the active site. 18) Compartmentation refers to A) dividing metabolic reactions into groups for better understanding. B) pairing together isozymes that perform similar reactions. C) separating substrates into chemical classes. D) grouping related enzymes into specific organelles. 19) Which body fluid compartment contains higher levels of Na +, Cl-, and HCO3 -? A) plasma B) interstitial fluid C) intracellular fluid D) A and C E) A and B 20) Water is a polar molecule, yet it easily moves through the nonpolar portions of cell membranes. Which transport process is responsible? A) symport B) facilitated diffusion C) antiport D) uniport E) simple diffusion 21) An allosteric modulator binds to A) the product. B) a region of the enzyme other than the active site. C) the active site. D) the substrate. E) the surrounding tissue.