BIOD 121 (portage): Module 3 Problem Set

BIOD 121 (portage): Module 3 Problem Set which person is at a greater risk for health issues related to being overweight or obese? Janet has a BMI of 28 and a waist to hip ratio of 0.95. Fred has a BMI of 28.9 and a waist to hip ratio of 0.78. Ans- Janet. Both have a BMI that indicates being overweight, but Janet has a more at-risk waist to hip ratio as her value is greater than 0.8. (Women should have a waist to hip ration less than 0.8 and males should have less than 0.9.) What range of BMI values represents a person with a healthy weight? Ans- 18.5-25 What shape has the greatest health risks and why? Ans- Apple, because the fat in the abdominal tissues interferes with the liver's ability to use insulin. What are some factors that can influence an individual's BMR? (list at least 5) Ans- The BMR varies per person based on a number of factors such as; gender, lean body mass, body size, temperature, age, nervous system activity, caffeine, smoking, pregnancy, and diet. The following can be used to determine a person's body fat: Ans- calipers, underwater weighing, electrical resistance, direct calorimetry Anthropometrics estimates a person's percentage of fat by: Ans- using a caliper What range of BMI values represents a person that is obese? Ans- 30 Indirect calorimetry estimates a person's energy requirements by: Ans- comparing the amount of oxygen consumed with the amount of carbon dioxide expired Ignoring factors other than age, how does BMR change as a person grows older? What does this mean for their dietary intake? Ans- As we age our BMR declines by 1-2% per decade. If no change in diet or activity level occurs from one decade to the next, a slow weight gain will be the result. Calculate the Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) for a female who is 23 years old, 5 feet 4 inches tall, and 130 pounds with a sedentary lifestyle. Use BMR and an activity factor to find the EER. Ans- BMR Calculations: Male BMR = 66 + (6.23 x weight in pounds) + (12.7 x height in inches) - (6.8 x age) Female BMR = 655 + (4.35 x weight in pounds) + (4.7 x height in inches) - (4.7 x age) Physical Activity (PA) Estimates 1.2 = little to no exercise 1.375 = light exercise 1-3 days per week 1.55 = moderate exercise 3-5 days per week 1.725 = hard exercise 6-7 days per week 1.9 = hard daily exercise/job Female BMR = 655 + (4.35 x weight in pounds) + (4.7 x height in inches) - (4.7 x age) BMR = 655 + (4.35 x 130) + (4.7 x 64) - (4.7 x 23) Complete calculations in parenthesis first BMR = 655 + (565.5) + (300.8) - (108.1) BMR = 1413.2 EER = BMR x activity factor EER= 1413.2 x 1.2= 1695.84 EER= 1696 calories What type of obesity is typically found in females? What body shape is associated with this particular ovesity? Ans- Gynoid, pear Direct calorimetry estimates a person's energy requirements by Ans- measuring the heat produced in a sealed chamber Bioelectrical impedance estimates a person's body fat Ans- by measuring the degree of resistance to an electrical flow Calculate the Estimated energy requirements (EER) for a male who is 41 years old, 6 feet 2 inches tall, and 220 pounds with a Low Activity lifestyle. Use BMR and an activity factor to find the EER. Ans- BMR Calculations: Male BMR = 66 + (6.23 x weight in pounds) + (12.7 x height in inches) - (6.8 x age) Female BMR = 655 + (4.35 x weight in pounds) + (4.7 x height in inches) - (4.7 x age) Physical Activity (PA) Estimates 1.2 = little to no exercise 1.375 = light exercise 1-3 days per week 1.55 = moderate exercise 3-5 days per week 1.725 = hard exercise 6-7 days per week 1.9 = hard daily exercise/job Male BMR = 66 + (6.23 x weight in pounds) + (12.7 x height in inches) - (6.8