ACSM STUDY GUIDE: THIS IS EVERYTHING YOU NEED FOR THE ACSM CPT EXAM.

ACSM STUDY GUIDE: THIS IS EVERYTHING YOU NEED FOR THE ACSM PT EXAM. EVERYTHING PUT TOGETHER BY USING THE KSA'S. BIOMECHANICS - principles of physics related to energy and force as they apply to the human body PROXIMAL - CLOSER TO THE TRUNK DISTAL - further from the trunk SUPERIOR (CRANIAL) - above, toward the head INFERIOR (CAUDAL) - lower than, toward the feet ANTERIOR (VENTRAL) - toward the front POSTERIOR (DORSAL) - toward the back MEDIAL - closer to the midline LATERAL - further from the midline THREE CARDINAL BODY PLANES - sagittal plane, frontal plane, transverse plane SAGITTAL PLANE - makes a division into right and left portions FRONTAL PLANE - makes a division into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions TRANSVERSE PLANE - makes a division into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portions ROTATION - movement around a longitudinal axis, either toward or away from the midline CIRCUMDUCTION - a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction EVERSION - turning the sole of the foot away from the midline INVERSION - turning the sole of the foot toward the midline Bones of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum... - AXIAL SKELETON VERTEBRAL COLUMN (SPINE) - serves as the main axial support for the body 4 Major curvatures of the adult vertebral column - cervical curve, thoracic curve, lumbar curve, sacral curve KYPHOSIS "primary curves" - curves of the thoracic and sacral regions LORDOSIS "secondary curves" - curves of the cervical and lumbar region Commonly found abnormal curves in the sagittal plane - hyperkyphosis and hyperlordosis HYPERKYPHOSIS - exaggerated posterior thoracic curvature HYPERLORDOSIS - exaggerated anterior lumbar curvature Commonly found abnormal curve in the frontal plane - scoliosis STERNUM - midline of the chest What are the 3 parts of the sternum? - manubrium, body, xiphoid process RF for family history - myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization or sudden death to a 1st degree family member when 55 male, 65 female RF for cigarette smoking - within 6 months Risk factor for Dyslipidemia LDL - Lgreater than 130 mg/dL RF Dyslipidemia Total Cholesterol - greater than 200 mg/dL RF Dyslipidemia low HDL - less than 40 mg/dL RF Sedentary minutes of activity, days of week, past # of months - less than 30 min/day, 3 days/week, for at least 3 months RF Prediabetes fasting blood glucose - greater than or equal to 100 mg/dL up to 126 greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL - Fasting Blood Glucose for Diabetes diagnosis RF for Obesity - body mass of greater then or equal to 30kg/m2; waist girthgreater than 102 cm for men and 88 cm for women RF Age men, women - 45 men, 55 women Negative Risk Factor - HDL greater than 60 mg/dL RF for hypertensive - systolic greater than or equal to 140; diastolic greater then or equal to 90; confirmed by 2 separate occasions or on hypertension meds obesity - excessivly high amounts of body fat or adipose tissue in relation to lean body mass overweight - increased body weight, in relation to height when compared to some standard of acceptable or desirable weight percent fat - the total amount of weight that is measured as fat tissue body mass index BMI - the height to weight ratio can be misleading because it does not consider body type lean body mass - not fat tissue: muscle, bone, skin etc anorexia nervosa - the disorder of self-induced starvation bulimia nervosa - the psychologically addictive cycle of binging/purging USRDA food pyramid - 1. fat, oils & sweets: use sparingly 2. milk, yogurt &cheese 2-3 servings; 3. meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, nuts, eggs: 2-3 servings; 4. fruits: 3-5 serv; 5. veggies: 3-5 serv. 6. bread, cereal, rice, & pasta: 6-11 serv female athlete triad - amenorrhea, osteoporosis, and eating disorders; when left untreated they damage the musculoskeletal and reproductive systems # of kilocalories in one gram - Carbo= 4; fats=9; protein=4; alcohol=7 guidelines for losing weight - 500-1000 cal daily to lose 1-2 lbs. per wk; same to increase kilocalaries - equivalent to losing 1 lb of fat 3500cal waist-hip ratio - Hips/Waist (ex. 45" waist and 36" hips... 36/45=.8) ratios above .86 for women and .95 for men indicate abdominal adiposity Heart Rate (HR) - total # of times the heart contracts in one minute, increases with work-rate during exercise Stroke Volume - amount of blood pumped from the left ventricle in one beat Cardiac Output - the amount of blood pumped from the heart in one minute Blood Pressure - arterial pressure providing force for blood flow (systolic and diastolic pressure) Arteriovenous Oxygen Difference - difference between oxygen content of arterial and venous blood Blood Flow - distribution of the cardiac output Maximum Oxygen Consumption - highest rate and amount of oxygen achieved at maximal physical exertion Types of muscle tissue - cardiac, smooth, and skeletal Cardiac muscle - cardiac muscle tissue is involuntary, it is the tissue of the heart smooth muscle - involuntary muscle tissue that lines the arterial walls and organs of the body skeletal muscle - voluntary and made up of striated fibers Kinesiology - the study of human movement Bones - mineral reservior, internal skeleton (levers) joints - where two bones meet (fulcrum and axis) muscle tissue - elastic tissue with contractile properties (pulley) tendons - connective tissue that connects muscles to bone ligaments - connective tissue that connects bone to bone cartilage - white fibrous tissue that cushions surfaces and prevents friction (cushions bones) anterior/posterior - front/ back inferior/superior - below/ above medial/lateral - closer to midline/further from midline proximal/distal - closer to trunk/further from trunk abduction/adduction - movement away/into from midline horizontal abduction - the row ...............................Continued