C985 Practice Quiz with correct solutions 2023

C985 Practice Quiz with correct solutions 2023Quantitative data analysis of numeric data Qualitative data describes observations; must be categorized before summarizing; has subjectivity Indicate whether each of the following represents qualitative or quantitative data: a. type of health insurance b. blood pH level c. number of ED admission in July d. patient's self-report of pain on scale 1-10 a. qualitative; this is a category b. quantitative; this is a number c. quantitative d. qualitative; this is subjective data and categorical Quantitative date will be numerical data. Descriptive statistics are discrete numbers: accurate and verifiable. Examples: are sample size (shown as "n"); mean, median, mode; minimum, maximum; range; standard deviation; quartiles Qualitative data are observable, categorical data. Examples in healthcare are: condition of a patient at time of discharge; type of insurance; place of birth What are 4 types of statistical tests. All of these are inferential statistical tests because with the result of the test on a smaller population of people, inferences or guesses or predictions are made on the larger population. ANOVA t-test Chi Square Regression Analysis ANOVA Analysis of variance. Compares multiple (like) groups (means) in their response to different interventions. Compares the responses. Looks for differences. t-test same as ANOVA, except only compares two groups, or may compare results of intervention of same group at two different times. Looks for differences. Chi Square tests for relationships between categorical variables. Used with qualitative data. The value is in the category, not in a number. Looks for similarities. Regression Analysis estimates the relationship among variable to make predictions. Use to analyze and adjust risk. The combination of multiple variable produces a greater predictive value. A word about Regression Analysis Allows us to quantify the relationship between a particular variable and outcome we care able. Or multiple variables in most cases. Sometimes called multi-factorial regression, multiple regression. Used for making predictions, decisions for the future, based on today's data. It's the combination of variables that gives us the greatest predictive value. Ex. if a person smokes, (variable) what are their chances for developing heart disease? What if they smoke and are obese (another variable)? What if the person smokes, is obese, and has a family history of heart attacks (another variable)? A group of dental hygiene students are researching the effectiveness of daily oral care. They want to prove which self-care is more effective for patient's, on a daily basis. The students select a group of patients from the school dental clinic, n=30, who have a history of dental cavities & poor oral care. *1. self-care method is brushing after each meal with a power brush, *2. is brushing after each meal with any type of toothbrush & using mouthwash *3. is using any type of toothbrush, brushing after each meal, flossing, & using mouthwash The patients are divided into 3 groups, with each group receiving a different self-care method to follow for 1 month. Which statistical test is appropriate when determining the preferable treatment? *ANOVA *t-test *Chi Square *Regression Analysis ANOVA test Time Series Analysis sequence of data taken at equally spaced points in time. ex. comparing month to month, quarter to quarter, year to year. Pre & Post Test Test before intervention, to get baseline data, apply intervention, test after intervention to identify changes. Cross-sectional Research A type of research that analyzes data collected from a population or subset of a population at a specific point in time. Randomized Control Trial People allocated by chance to receive an intervention. One of the interventions is the control, which may be standard practice, a placebo, or no intervention. Pearson's Correlation Looks for relationship between two quantitative variables that are interval or ratio data types. Ex. relationship between blood pressure level and age: as age increases, does BP level increase? Correlation Co-efficient Measures strength and relationship between two variables on a scatterplot. Looks at if variables are related, but also the strength of that relationship. Ex. is there a relationship between eating candy and tooth decay. A 'call for volunteers' for a research study was posted on all bulletin boards in a community college. The study involved smoking cessation for 3 months. The first 400 names collected by the researchers were chosen for the study. What type of study is this? 1. Randomized control trial 2. Pearson's Correlation Coefficient 3. Pre and Post Test 4. Times Series Analysis