Summary Cambridge Int AS & A-Lvl Chemistry Cours, ISBN: 9781107638457 Unit 15 - Hydrocarbons (9701)

ASHydrocarbon
Alkanes

LongChain Alkane sp3 Hybridized
lower flamability Tetrahedral saturated

higher viscosity undergo substitutionReaction

Higher M.P BP
CRACKING Randomprocess

604122 CioH2o t 2620Huo t Go 422
alkene alkene alkane

Conditions
r

catalyst 500
011502
450 7002
High Temp
High pressure 10am


2 Free Radical substitution ofAlkanes

CHzCHzCH3 Cla CH CHCe Cits HCl
HzCHCH Cla CHaClCHa CH t HA
luv light needed
Chagas

Free Radical is possible with chain so
any alkyl
CH3CH2 COOH t Cla ChaceCHzCOOH HCl

, Free Radical usually done with Cla Br


Free Radical Substitution Steps




initiation
Ige 2cL
Radical



I
Propagation tee s c Hee



I Cla o d Cl
de



Steps

Tutiation
CE.cl 2cL



It 265
It Cha Cha HCl
Chs ChaCHs Chs
Propagation



1


I It
CH CHCH 2cL Cts CHCH Hcl




Chs CHCH 26 City C CHzCHs HCl

, H



CH
II
Chicas 2cL Car
It ChaChs t HCl




I If
Hz ChaCHE t Cla Ctb CHzCHzCl Cl




If
Cas CHCH Cla Cts CHCecits Cl




CH C CHzCHS Cla Hz I CH CHs Cl
de


Cha
Yi ChaChs t Cla HaCe É ChaCAs Clo
I

Final
Cl Cl Cla
43 Cheats

II
I
CH CH CH's t ca
É gags Chs C ChaCHS

I

, Alkenes
Sp

CH3 CH CH CH cats ÉÉ Cas

Br S
Caz É É CH

t Bra l or Brzeg

43 eats


an


cats I Chs
Br GH
Wh


y y
1
xnxx.yx.ynp.pt
HI Ig dit conc H3POu
IH IH
Carbocation
Iiii I ca
i
Cas

I du it
R É H C R Cer C R CI R



1 It
unstable less unstable most stable
t
as There are more

electron pushing
groups

so the charge decreases