EMT: Comprehensive Exam Study Guide

EMT: Comprehensive Exam Study Guide EMT: Comprehensive Exam Study Guide Complete Solution Guide, A+ Rated, Newly Updated Contrast EMT Certificate and Licensure - Certificate = an exam ensuring all health care providers have the same basic level of knowledge and skill. - Licensure = the process by which states ensure applicant competency in an examination setting. Define Scope of Practice - Outlines the care and EMT is legally able to provide to the patient. - Set by the State normally. What are the Roles of the Medical Director - A physician who authorizes the EMTs in the service to provide medical care in the field. What is the Purpose of Continuous Quality Improvement - To identify areas of improvement and remove human error. - May add training or develop some other educational activity to better the EMS. What should you do following a needle exposure and what are ways to prevent the spread of infectious disease: Clean the location, complete an exposure report, and let your supervisor or infection control officer know. - PPE and cleaning! Define Cumulative Stress and how does your body respond? Occurs when exposed to prolonged or excessive stress. - Can cause fatigue, irritability, isolation, inability to concentrate, etc... Define PTSD Re-experiencing an event and over responding to stimuli that are similar to the previous event. Contrast Implied Consent and Expressed Consent - Implied = if patient is unable to make a rational decision, it is assumed. - Expressed = if patient is able to make a rational decision they must give consent. What is the Standard of Care and how is it established? - Accepted levels of emergency care expected by reason of training and profession. - By local customs, protocols, literature, and administrative regulations. What should you do if you make a mistake while providing patient care? - Document it!! Contrast a Mobile Base Station with a Hand-held Portable Radio - Base Station = transmitter and receiver in a fixed location. - Portable Radio = carried with EMT/Paramedic Planes of the Body [3] 1.) Frontal/Coronal = front/back 2.) Transverse/Axial = top/bottom 3.) Saggital = left/right Types of Muscle [3 and Differences] 1.) Skeletal = voluntary, striated 2.) Cardiac = involuntary, striated 3.) Smooth = involuntary, not striated Describe the purpose of the Epiglottis - Keep stomach contents/food from going into the trachea. Contrast Respiration vs. Ventilation - Ventilation = moving air into and out of lungs. - Respiration = transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide in alveoli/tissues. Structures of the Upper Respiratory System [7] 1.) Nose 2.) Mouth 3.) Tongue 4.) Mandible 5.) Pharynx 6.) Larynx 7.) Epiglottis Structures of the Lower Respiratory System [6] 1.) Trachea 2.) Thyroid Cartilage [Adam's Apple] 3.) Cricoid Cartilage = maintains airway structure [bend head = airway doesn't pinch] 4.) Bronchi [Right (more open) and Left] - Divides at Carina 5.) Bronchioles 6.) Alveoli Blood Flow through the Heart [Oxygenated vs. Deoxygenated] Deoxygenated: - Vena Cava = RA = Tricuspid Valve = RV = Pulmonary Valve = Pulmonary Arteries = Lungs Oxygenated: - Lungs = Pulmonary Veins = LA = Mitral Valve = LV = Aortic Valve = Aorta SV [and Normal Value] ~60-80 mL HR [and Normal Value] ~60-100 bpm CO [and Calculation/Normal Value] - CO = SV x HR - Normal = ~5-6 L/min Pacemaker of the Heart - Sinoatrial Node. Common Central Pulses [5] 1.) Carotid 2.) Femoral Function of the Spleen - Filters blood and has immune system functions. Function of Plasma - Liquid portion of blood that carries blood cells and nutrients. Function of Cerebrum [and 5 Parts] - Higher thinking and functioning. Function of Cerebellum - Muscle coordination - Output of somatic motor sensors. Function of Brainstem [and 3 Parts] - Autonomic Centers! 1.) Midbrain 2.) Pons 3.) Medulla Oblongata Function of Medulla Oblongata