BIO 101 Quiz 3

STUDY GUIDE: QUIZ 3 Quiz Preparation Tasks: Your Answers and Notes 6 Energy-Driven Inventions 6.1 Living Systems Require a Flow of Energy In a phrase, how do physicists define “energy”? Ability to do work The physicist’s definition of energy is not ____________ __________ for use in defining energy changes within a living cell. Comprehensive enough How would a cell biologist define “energy”? The ability to make specific changed occur List 5 major sorts or categories of energy change within the cell. Fig 6.2. Biosynthesis- movement- concentration – electrical potential- heat Sometimes the cell pumps substances against diffusion forces that would otherwise carry those substances the other way. What term/phrase would we give to this pumping process? _____________ ___ _______________ Energy of concentration On a cold day, which of the following processes do your cells depend on to maintain an operating temperature of 37 degrees Celsius? a. muscle contraction b. shivering c. respiration energy production d. metabolic heat generation e. all of the above e 6.2 Laws of Energy Flow in the Living World ______ is freely convertible from one form to another but _______ can never be created or destroyed in normal processes. Energy (That means that in nature, as energy freely changes from one form to another, the total amount of energy stays constant.) Thus, a lit match cannot continue to burn when the wood of the match stick is consumed. This statement illustrates what general law of energy flow? Law of conservation of matter & energy Systems that convert energy from one form to another are not 100% efficient, thus the amount of useful energy ___________. decreases This is because, in cars and in living things, energy conversion is inefficient, with much energy being lost in the form of useless _______. Fig 6.4 Heat energy So, when your car engine burns the octane in gasoline, in what form does at least 50% of the energy of the octane end up? Heat energy In a crowded, unventilated room, what causes the temperature to rise? glucose What form of energy do producers use when they set about to generate chemical energy—the energy of C―H and C―O―H bonds? solar Thus, a producer organism is called a “producer” because it converts solar energy to usable ______ _______. Fig 6.5 “Energy In” Cemical energy 6.3 Energy Flows in Chemical Reactions