ENVS 2210 FINAL EXAM
What are 3 uses for honey bees? (Unit 1)
1) honey bees are excellent biological study subjects
2) honey bees are beneficial and productive insects
3) beekeeping
Where do the earliest records about beekeeping practices come from?
ancient Egypt
Who thought the queen bee was a king?
Aristotle
In what centuries was the scientific basis of beekeeping established?
16th and 17th centuries
Why were bees brought to the New World?
Because native bees did not produce large amounts of honey and wax
Who is known as the 'father of modern beekeeping'?
Lorenzo L. Langstroth
What was different about Lorenzo's new hive?
Movable frames in which bees built combs
What are the main components of the 19th century bee hives?
Beeswax foundation
Honey extractor
Queen excluder
How many hives are maintained by beekeepers globally?
55 million hives
How much honey is produced globally every year?
over 950 million kg
How much wax is produced globally every year?
over 25 million kg
What country is the world's largest producer and exporter of honey and royal jelly?
China
What hive type is typically use in Africa?
Traditional hive (fixed combs)
,What countries practice migratory apiculture? (2)
Australia, New Zealand
What is the average honey yield for a hive in Canada?
60kg
What Order are honey bees classified under?
Hymenoptera
What kind of insects belong to the Order Hymenoptera?
those with 4 membranous wings
What is the only function of a drone?
to mate with virgin queens during spring and summer
What sex are worker bees?
Females with undeveloped reproductive organs
What is it believed that honey bees evolved from?
a Carnivorous Sphecoid wasp ancestor
Where are the oldest fossil records of bees from?, and how old are they
Northern Europe, 50 million years old
What genus do honey bees fall under?
Apis
What is the taxonimical name for the honey bee?
Apis mellifera
What are 4 common species of honey bee?
Apis mellifera, Apis florea, Apis dorsata, Apis cerana
Are honey bees holometabolous or hemimetabolous?
holometabolous
What does it mean that honey bees are holometabolous?
they pass through complete metamorphosis
What is the developmental time for a queen (egg, larva, pupa, total)?
3, 5.5, 7.5, 16
What is the developmental time for a worker (egg, larva, pupa, total)?
3, 6, 12, 21
What is the developmental time for a drone (egg, larva, pupa, total)?
, 3, 7, 14, 24
What does the interior of a honey bee egg contain?
cytoplasm, nucleus, yolk
What is an instar and how many do honey bees undergo throughout development?
Substages separated by the moulting of the cuticle. 5
What do nurse bees feed all larvae for the first three days post-hatching?
royal jelly
What larvae continue to be fed royal jelly past 3 days post-hatch?
queen larvae
What do nurse bees feed worker and drone larvae after 3 days post-hatch?
Bee bread (pollen and nectar)
After feeding, what do nurse workers do until larvae become pupae?
cap cells with wax
What controls the metamorphosis of honey bees?
Hormones
What are the two hormones that control honey bee development? What do they do?
ecdysone (moulting hormone), juvenile hormone (cell division and body differentiation)
What is the exoskeleton comprised of?
hardened plates made of chitin and protein
What are functions of the exoskeleton? (4)
prevents dehydration, provides protection, provides support, provides attachment for
muscles and organs
What are the three body segments of a bee?
head, thorax, abdomen
What types of eyes do bees have? (2)
ocelli (simple), compound
What do ocelli do?
Detect light intensity, may serve as orientation during flight
What are compound eyes composed of?
arrays of thousands of single eyes (ommatidia or facets)
What are facets/ommatidia for?
What are 3 uses for honey bees? (Unit 1)
1) honey bees are excellent biological study subjects
2) honey bees are beneficial and productive insects
3) beekeeping
Where do the earliest records about beekeeping practices come from?
ancient Egypt
Who thought the queen bee was a king?
Aristotle
In what centuries was the scientific basis of beekeeping established?
16th and 17th centuries
Why were bees brought to the New World?
Because native bees did not produce large amounts of honey and wax
Who is known as the 'father of modern beekeeping'?
Lorenzo L. Langstroth
What was different about Lorenzo's new hive?
Movable frames in which bees built combs
What are the main components of the 19th century bee hives?
Beeswax foundation
Honey extractor
Queen excluder
How many hives are maintained by beekeepers globally?
55 million hives
How much honey is produced globally every year?
over 950 million kg
How much wax is produced globally every year?
over 25 million kg
What country is the world's largest producer and exporter of honey and royal jelly?
China
What hive type is typically use in Africa?
Traditional hive (fixed combs)
,What countries practice migratory apiculture? (2)
Australia, New Zealand
What is the average honey yield for a hive in Canada?
60kg
What Order are honey bees classified under?
Hymenoptera
What kind of insects belong to the Order Hymenoptera?
those with 4 membranous wings
What is the only function of a drone?
to mate with virgin queens during spring and summer
What sex are worker bees?
Females with undeveloped reproductive organs
What is it believed that honey bees evolved from?
a Carnivorous Sphecoid wasp ancestor
Where are the oldest fossil records of bees from?, and how old are they
Northern Europe, 50 million years old
What genus do honey bees fall under?
Apis
What is the taxonimical name for the honey bee?
Apis mellifera
What are 4 common species of honey bee?
Apis mellifera, Apis florea, Apis dorsata, Apis cerana
Are honey bees holometabolous or hemimetabolous?
holometabolous
What does it mean that honey bees are holometabolous?
they pass through complete metamorphosis
What is the developmental time for a queen (egg, larva, pupa, total)?
3, 5.5, 7.5, 16
What is the developmental time for a worker (egg, larva, pupa, total)?
3, 6, 12, 21
What is the developmental time for a drone (egg, larva, pupa, total)?
, 3, 7, 14, 24
What does the interior of a honey bee egg contain?
cytoplasm, nucleus, yolk
What is an instar and how many do honey bees undergo throughout development?
Substages separated by the moulting of the cuticle. 5
What do nurse bees feed all larvae for the first three days post-hatching?
royal jelly
What larvae continue to be fed royal jelly past 3 days post-hatch?
queen larvae
What do nurse bees feed worker and drone larvae after 3 days post-hatch?
Bee bread (pollen and nectar)
After feeding, what do nurse workers do until larvae become pupae?
cap cells with wax
What controls the metamorphosis of honey bees?
Hormones
What are the two hormones that control honey bee development? What do they do?
ecdysone (moulting hormone), juvenile hormone (cell division and body differentiation)
What is the exoskeleton comprised of?
hardened plates made of chitin and protein
What are functions of the exoskeleton? (4)
prevents dehydration, provides protection, provides support, provides attachment for
muscles and organs
What are the three body segments of a bee?
head, thorax, abdomen
What types of eyes do bees have? (2)
ocelli (simple), compound
What do ocelli do?
Detect light intensity, may serve as orientation during flight
What are compound eyes composed of?
arrays of thousands of single eyes (ommatidia or facets)
What are facets/ommatidia for?
