PSYC 2009

PSYC 2009 Week 5 Test – Question and Answers • Question 1 2 out of 2 points In ABC assessment, one assesses the Antecedent conditions of the behavior, the Behavior itself, and the _______________of the behavior. Selected Answer: c. Consequences Answers: a. Conditions b. Capitulations c. Consequences d. Correspondences • Question 2 2 out of 2 points According to evolutionary psychology, psychological mechanisms evolved to solve ___________ problems. Selected Answer: b. specific Answers: a. contemporary b. specific c. general d. irrelevant • Question 3 2 out of 2 points Contrary to Gall’s phrenology, contemporary researchers believe that complex actions and thought patterns are executed by _____________. Selected Answer: b. several regions of the brain Answers: a. only one region of the brain b. several regions of the brain c. the frontal lobe d. a homunculus • Question 4 2 out of 2 points The process through which organisms acquire complex behaviors is called: Selected Answer: b. Shaping through successive approximations Answers: a. Schedules of reinforcement b. Shaping through successive approximations c. Generalized reinforcer schedules d. Shaping through scheduling • Question 5 2 out of 2 points In evolutionary psychology, the basic units of analysis are domain-_______, whereas the units of analysis of five-factor theory are domain-_________. Selected Answer: b. specific; general Answers: a. specific; neutral b. specific; general c. general; neutral d. general; specific • Question 6 2 out of 2 points Behaviorists claim that individuals’ behavior is caused by the environment. This belief classifies them as _____. Selected Answer: b. determinists Answers: a. free will theorists b. determinists c. existentialists d. phenomenologists • Question 7 2 out of 2 points Phineas Gage’s story suggests that there are links between ___________ functioning and personality functioning. Selected Answer: c. biological Answers: a. psychological b. social c. biological d. sociological • Question 8 2 out of 2 points That individuals growing up in the same household can be so different is best understood with the concept of ___________. Selected Answer: c. non-shared family environments Answers: a. shared family environments b. genetic similarity c. non-shared family environments d. all of the above • Question 9 2 out of 2 points Skinner valued reinforcement over punishment because the effects of punishment tend to be ____________. Selected Answer: d. temporary Answers: a. long-lasting b. traumatic c. chronic d. temporary • Question 10 0 out of 2 points Because evolutionary psychologists try to understand how a given biological mechanism evolved, their theory is said to be one of __________ causes. Answers: a. superordinate b. ordinate c. proximate d. ultimate • Question 11 2 out of 2 points A heritability coefficient of 1.00 would indicate that all of the variability in personality is due to __________. Selected Answer: c. genes Answers: a. traits b. environment c. genes d. non-shared family environment • Question 12 2 out of 2 points Schwartz et al. (2003) used an fMRI machine to record the brain activity of adults as they were shown novel vs. familiar faces. The adults who had been identified in childhood as having an inhibited temperament showed more functioning in the amygdale than those who had earlier been classified as uninhibited. This evidence provides support for both the biological basis of temperament and of its ________________. Selected Answer: a. stability Answers: a. stability b. heritability c. genetic basis d. instability • Question 13 2 out of 2 points According to evolutionary psychology, certain psychological mechanisms evolved because they helped organisms ______________. Selected Answer: c. both “a” and “b” Answers: a. reproduce b. survive c. both “a” and “b” d. neither “a” nor “b” • Question 14 2 out of 2 points In a ___________, one reinforces desirable behaviors with objects that can be exchanged for desired items. Selected Answer: a. token economy Answers: a. token economy b. generalized reinforcer model c. successive approximation d. punishment economy • Question 15 2 out of 2 points According to Skinnerians, individuals don’t have “sick personalities”; rather, they may have simply learned a _________ response. Selected Answer: c. maladaptive Answers: a. adaptive b. temporary c. maladaptive d. chronic • Question 16 2 out of 2 points An experiment by Baccus, Baldwin, and Packer (2004) in which descriptive words appeared in combination with pictures of people smiling, frowning, or with a neutral expression demonstrated that classical conditioning processes can explain differences in _______________. Selected Answer: d. self-esteem Answers: a. self-efficacy b. self-control c. self-preservation d. self-esteem • Question 17 2 out of 2 points In conditioning Little Albert to fear a rat, the ___________ was the unconditioned stimulus and the _____________ was the conditioned stimulus. Selected Answer: a. loud noise; rat Answers: a. loud noise; rat b. loud noise; fear c. rat; fear d. rat; loud noise • Question 18 2 out of 2 points There is a tendency to think of biological processes as determining personality emotions and behaviors, as if the former is cause and the latter is effect. However, recent findings provide much evidence of the _______of both neural systems and neurotransmitter systems. Selected Answer: d. plasticity Answers: a. rigidity b. stability c. fragility d. plasticity • Question 19 2 out of 2 points Research has largely been __________ of Buss and Plomin’s hypothesis that temperament types are inherited and stable. Selected Answer: a. supportive Answers: a. supportive b. unsupportive c. dismissive d. none of the above • Question 20 2 out of 2 points In designing research, behaviorists emphasize that one must study things that are ______________. Selected Answer: b. observable Answers: a. psychological b. observable c. correctable d. available