US & GA History Exemption Exam (UGA) questions with complete solutions

In what year was Georgia established? 1732 When did settlement take place in Savannah? 1733 How long was Georgia in existence before there was a governor or governing body within the colony itself? Two decades Who ruled Georgia in the beginning? Board of Trustees Define: Board of Trustees The governing body of Georgia in London England. King George signed a charter establishing the colony and creating its governing board What years is Georgia referred to as "Trustee Georgia"? What were four things that were outlawed when Georgia was founded? slavery, rum, lawyers, and Catholics Who was the impetus behind Georgia's founding? James Edward Ogelthorpe Battle of Bloody Marsh On St. Simons Island between the English and the Spanish. It was an attempt of the Spanish to invade Georgia Who from Georgia signed the Declaration of Independence? Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, and George Walton Who from Georgia signed the US Constitution? Abraham Baldwin and William Few Jr. Which state was Georgia to enter the Union when it ratified the Constitution in 1788? Fourth What was the most serious military confrontation between British and American troops? Siege of Savannah in 1779 Where was the capital moved to and from in 1779? Savannah to Augusta Battle of Kettle Creek Took place in Wilkes County Nancy Hart a female patriot and spy credited with killing several Tories at her home When was the ban on slavery in Georgia lifted? 1752 Eli Whitney inventor of the cotton gin Yazoo land fraud 1795, the sale of western land to four land companies after the governor and members of the General Assembly had been bribed / land companies bribed GA leaders to sell land cheaply; resulted in U.S. take-over of disputed land James Edward Ogelthorpe The leader of English Parliament who founded the Georgia colony, in order to create an effective buffer from the Spanish and Spanish controlled Florida. University of Georgia Founded in 1785, first university in the nation established by a state government Wesleyan College Established in Macon in 1836, the first degree-granting women's college in the world Trail of Tears The Cherokees forced exile from the states northewestern territory in . It became a symbol of the trauma and suffering all experienced What was Georgia referred to as by the 1860s? "Empire State of the South" Which state was Georgia out of all the states to secede from the Union? fifth Howell Cobb in control of the Confederacy's organizing convention Thomas R. R. Cobb primary author of the Confederate Constitution William T. Sherman known for his military campaign "March to the Sea" in which he marched from Atlanta to Savannah for his final siege. His troops burned barns and houses, and destroyed the countryside. His march showed a shift in the belief that only military targets should be destroyed. Civilian centers could also be targets Reconstruction the period after the Civil War in the United States when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union Freedmen's Bureau established by Congress to aid African Americans undergoing the transition from slavery to freedom in the aftermath of the Civil War Klu Klux Klan Terrorist organization devoted to racial inequality, suffering and evil, established 1868 Governor James Jackson Overturned the Yazoo Act; elected to First Congress; lost reelection Joseph Brown Governor from Georgia who tried at times to keep his own troops apart from the Confederate forces and insisted on hoarding surplus supplies for his own state's militias. He believed that his state had seceded so that it didn't have to follow the dictates of a central government. Milledgeville Georgia's fourth capital and seat of the state government during the Civil War Henry L. Benning A jurist who became associate justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia in the 1850s. He then became a vocal advocate for secession and earned the rank of brigadier general during the Civil War Robert Toombs A senator and extremist from Georgia who said that the South would never let the federal government be controlled by the Republican party and threatened secession. Rufus Bullock He served as the Governor of Georgia from 1868 to 1871 during Reconstruction and was the first Republican governor of Georgia. After various allegations of scandal, in 1871 he was obliged by the Ku Klux Klan to resign the governorship. Tunis Campbell Represented McIntosh County as a state senator and served as a justice of the peace.Insisted on equal representation of blacks in juries and otherwise championed their rights to the point of making himself an annoyance to the whites. Was sentenced to a year of hard labor for improper conduct. the crop-lien system a way for farmers to get credit before the planting season by borrowing against the value for anticipated harvests ; guess how well this worked for farmers Populism Farm-based movement of the late 1800s that arose mainly in the area from Texas to the Dakotas and grew into a joint effort between farmer and labor groups against big business and machine-based politics. The movement became a third party in the election of 1892. "New South" Crusade Sought to diversify the Georgia economy; eventually led to the industrialization of the state. Jim Crow The system of racial segregation in the South that was created in the late nineteenth century following the end of slavery. These laws written in the 1880s and 1890s mandated segregation in public facilities. W. E. B. Du Bois American civil rights activist; wrote the Souls of Black Folk and demanded full racial equality; helped found the NAACP Rebecca Latimer Felton Rebecca Latimer Felton She was a civic leader that supported women's suffrage and temperance as well as strongly disagree with the convict lease system. She was also the first woman to serve in the US Senate Leo Frank Jewish factory manager in Atlanta who was convicted of murdering a female employee. A mob lynched him in his jail cell. County-unit System County-unit System It gave each county or district a certain number of votes. The bigger the district, the more votes. This inacurately stated what people wanted and gave rural areas more votes, which did not represent what most people would prefer. Agricultural Adjustment Administration Restricted agricultural production in the New Deal era by paying farmers to reduce crop area. Its purpose was to reduce crop surplus so as to effectively raise the value of crops, thereby giving farmers relative stability again. Herman Talmadge GA governor; in reaction to Brown vs. BOE he declared that GA will 'not tolerate the mixing of races in public schools or any other tax supported instutions." Forcibly took over the Governor's mansion until it was officially announced he had lost the election. Martin Luther King, Jr. U.S. Baptist minister and civil rights leader. A noted orator, he opposed discrimination against blacks by organizing nonviolent resistance and peaceful mass demonstrations. He was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. Nobel Peace Prize Winner(1964) 1996 Olympic Games Put georgia on a national stage, and made Atlanta a world known city. Thirteenth Amendment officially abolished and continues to prohibit slavery and involuntary servitude; 1864 Fourteenth Amendment overruled Dred Scott(1857) granting blacks citizenship ; reinforced due process and equal rights; 1868