Pharm Final Exam (Lectures 17-23)

Seizure Correct Answer: transitory alts in behav, sens, consciousness by abnl, synch, el d/c in br; most last 5 mins Epilepsy Correct Answer: - 2 unprov seizures 24+ hrs apart - unprov seizures w/ prob further seizures @ least 60% over next 10 yrs - dx epilepsy synd AED discontinuation Correct Answer: considered if seizure free 2 yrs w/ risks vs. benefits - one drug @ time, slow taper Resolution of epilepsy Correct Answer: 10 yrs w/o seizure + 5 yrs w/o AED ther Symptomatic seizures Correct Answer: result of br dam, tum, les, TBI, inf, etc Idiopathic seizures Correct Answer: result of unk facs, pot genetic Genes potentially affected in seizures Correct Answer: - v-g ion channs & syn rec esp GABAa rec - comps NT rel machinery incl STXBP1 (syntaxin binding prot) - neural adh mols like PCDH19 - syn dev prots like LGI1 (leucine-rich glioma inactiv-1) Pathophysiology of seizures Correct Answer: - imbal inhib & excit NTs (ie. decr GABA & incr glut, Na+, Ca2+ chann activ) - extracell ionic homeostasis disr - abnl, rep & synch neur firing in cer cortex (abnl epileptiform d/c) Etiology of seizures Correct Answer: - mech, metab (ie. hypogly), gen, fever, inf - recr drugs (ie. cocaine, EtOH, stims, AEDs) Risk factors for seizures Correct Answer: - br tumor - abnl vasc dev - bleeding in br - infants small for gest age - head inj/concussion + unconsciousness/mem loss - skull fx - encephalitis - Alzheimer's dis - ment retard - stroke - MS - genetics